Evidence-Based Dentistry: What's New?

The importance of evidence for every branch of medicine in teaching in order to orient the practitioners among the great amount of most actual scientific information's, and to support clinical decisions, is well established in health care, including dentistry

Didactic and narrative persuasion: An experiment to promote colorectal cancer screening

We tested whether a didactic and a narrative video (i.e. educational content and personal stories versus irrelevant information) could boost colorectal cancer (CRC) screening intention directly and through cognitive predictors of CRC screening behavior. We also tested whether exposure to a story changed participants' affective forecasting, reducing the perception of negative emotions associated with CRC screening (disgust, embarrassment, and fear). The study was conducted online with a between-participants design and recruiting a convenience sample (N =375). We found that, compared with watching the control video, being exposed to the narrative video about CRC screening was indirectly associated with greater screening inten- tion via vicarious experience and positive attitudes, whereas watching the didactic video was positively associated with CRC screening intention only among participants who had received an invitation letter but did not get screened, and among those yet to receive an invitation to screen. In the latter group, screening intention was boosted through positive attitudes. Our findings do not confirm that stories change affective forecasting, but narration likely fosters messages acceptance through vicarious experience. We also found support for the effectiveness of physicians' rec- ommendations in promoting CRC screening, an intervention that might be effectively administered through a generalized, cost-effective video

Clinical management and microscopic characterisation of fatique-induced failure of a dental implant. Case report

BACKGROUND: Osseointegrated endosseous implants are widely used for the rehabilitation of completely and partially edentulous patients, being the final prosthodontic treatment more predictable and the failures extremely infrequent. A case of fracture of an endosseous dental implant, replacing the maxillary first molar, occurring in a middle-age woman, 5 years after placement is reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The difficult management of this rare complication of implant dentistry together with the following rehabilitation is described. Additionally, the authors performed an accurate analysis of the removed fractured implant both by the stereomicroscope and by the confocal laser scanning microscope. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The fractured impant showed the typical signs of a fatigue-induced fracture in the coronal portion of the implant together with numerous micro-fractures in the apical one. Three dimensional imaging performed by confocal laser scanning microscope led easily to a diagnosis of "fatigue fracture" of the implant. The biomechanical mechanism of implant fractures when overstress of the implant components due to bending overload is discussed. CONCLUSION: When a fatigue-induced fracture of an dental implant occurs in presence of bending overload, the whole implant suffers a deformation that is confirmed by the alterations (micro-fractures) of the implant observable also in the osseointegrated portion that is easily appraisable by the use of stereomicroscope and confocal laser scanning microscope without preparation of the sample

Psychological mindedness and abstract reasoning in late childhood and adolescence: An exploration using new instruments

This study introduces two new measures of psychological mindedness, applying them in a study of the growth of abstract thinking in children and adolescents in a developmental design. The capacity to achieve psychological understanding of the self and of others involves comprehension of the motives, attitudes, and characteristics of the self and others. Psychological mindedness toward the self (PS) and toward others (PO) may be seen as complex cognitive capacities that should show a pattern of related development in childhood. Three groups of 60 fifth, eighth, and twelfth graders completed two measures of formal operations and two instruments to assess the two components of psychological mindedness. We find that psychological mindedness and abstract thinking both increase significantly with age, although the relationship between them is complex and varies with gender and age. Because the development of abstract reasoning skills does not correlate with the development of psychological mindedness in a simple way, a more complex model is necessary, taking age and gender differences into account. Performance on the two measures of psychological mindedness is found to be largely unrelated, suggesting that these are two different psychological skills. Implications of these findings are discussed, with special reference to education, peer counseling, and psychotherapy .Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45274/1/10964_2005_Article_BF01537075.pd

Carico immediato su 108 impianti : follow-up a tre anni

Il presente lavoro valuta la stabilit\ue0 ossea perimplantare in un gruppo di pazienti sottoposto a carico immediato della arcata mandibolare con follow-up di tre anni. 20 pazienti, 12 maschi 8 femmine, et\ue0 media 63 anni, sono stati sottoposti a carico immediato. 14 pazienti presentavano edentulia totale, 4 edentulia parziale, e 2 arcate con restaurazioni fisse. Ai pazienti sono stati inseriti impianti Astra TiO -Blasted osseospeed (Astra-Tech AB, Molndal Sweden). Il numero medio degli impianti era di 5.4 in un range tra 4 e 6. Tutti gli impianti mostravano stabilit\ue0 primaria. Una protesi fissa avvitata su monconi provvisori in titanio viene applicata immediatamente. Dopo 4 mesi dalla chirurgia viene consegnata una protesi avvitata definitiva usando come framework una travata in titanio fabbricata secondo la metodica cresco Ti (Astra-Tech AB, Molndal Sweden). I pazienti sono stati sottoposti a controlli radiografici dall\u2019inserimento degli impianti fino a 3 anni. Due impianti in due pazienti sono falliti dopo i tre mesi di guarigione, mentre nessun impianto \ue8 fallito nei successivi periodi. Il livello di osso marginale attorno al colletto perimplantare mostra in tre anni una perdita media nei 106 impianti caricati di 0.3mm. Il Periotest risulta simile ai dati convenzionali. Con le limitazioni di questo studio, i dati ottenuti risultano simili con quelli riportati in letteratura, inoltre il riassorbimento osseo \ue8 molto limitato concentrato soprattutto in impianti caricati immediatamente in siti post estrattivi mostrando la complessit\ue0 nell\u2019associare carico immediato e siti post estrattivi

Carico immediato su entrambe le arcate : caso clinico

Il presente lavoro presenta un caso di carico immediato in entrambe le arcate dentarie in un paziente parodontale severamente compromesso. Un uomo di 51 anni, riceve una restaurazione completa fissa in entrambe le arcate tramite carico immediato supportato da impianti Astra TiO-Blasted osseospeed. (Astra-Tech AB, Molndal Sweden). Gli impianti sono stati caricati immediatamente dopo la chirurgia con provvisorio in resina acrilica avvitata. Nell\u2019arcata superiore, sono stati inseriti 5 impianti \uf8 5 mm x 17 mm e 1 impianto \uf8 4.5 mm x 17 mm mentre nella mandibola sono stati inseriti 3 impianti di \uf8 5 mm x 17 mm, 1 di \uf8 4 x 17 mm e 1 di \uf8 4 x 15 mm. Tutti gli impianti mostravano stabilit\ue0 primaria. Dopo 4 mesi dalla chirurgia viene consegnata la protesi avvitata definitiva usando come framework una travata in titanio fabbricata secondo la metodica cresco Ti (Astra-Tech AB, Molndal Sweden). Il paziente \ue8 stato sottoposto a controlli radiografici dall\u2019inserimento degli impianti fino a 2 anni e mezzo. Il livello di osso marginale attorno al collo implantare risulta sempre stabile senza segni di riassorbimento. Il periotest risulta simile ai dati convenzionali. Con le limitazioni di questo caso si evidenzia un simile successo di stabilit\ue0 ossea perimplantare nel carico immediato sia nell\u2019arcata superiore che inferior

Evidence-Based Dentistry: What's New?

<p>The importance of evidence for every branch of medicine in teaching in order to orient the practitioners among the great amount of most actual scientific information's, and to support clinical decisions, is well established in health care, including dentistry.</p> <p>The practice of evidence-based medicine is a process of lifelong, self-directed, problem-based learning which leads to the need for clinically important information about diagnosis, prognosis, therapy and other clinical and health care issues. Nowadays the practice of dentistry is becoming more complex and challenging because of the continually changing in dental materials and equipments, an increasingly litigious society, an increase in the emphasis of continuing professional development, the information explosion and the consumer movement associated with advances on the Internet.</p> <p>The need for reliable information and the electronic revolution have come together to allow the &#8220;paradigm shift&#8221; towards evidence-based health care. Recent years have seen an increase in the importance of evidence-based dentistry, aiming to reduce to the maximum the gap between clinical research and real world dental practice. Aim of evidence-based practice is the systematic literature review, which synthesizes the best evidences and provides the basis for clinical practice guidelines. These practice guidelines give a brief review of what evidence-based dentistry is and how to use it.</p