Gram-positive organisms causing Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis and their <i>In Vitro</i> Susceptibility Rates over 32 years.

<p>P1 = (1979–1992); P2 = period 2 (1993–2003); P3 = period 3 (2004–2014); number of antibiograms; percentage of full susceptibility; NT, not tested; Amp/Sulb, ampicillin/sulbactam,</p><p>*comparison between period 1 and period 3; NS, not significant;</p><p>Gram-positive organisms causing Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis and their <i>In Vitro</i> Susceptibility Rates over 32 years.</p

In vitro susceptibility to empirical intraperitoneal treatment.

<p>A. Gram-positive organisms; B. Gram-negative organisms; P1, period 1 (1979–1992), n = 120 episodes; P2, period 2 (1993–2003), n = 125 episodes; P3, period 3 (2004–2014), n = 242 episodes; all variables are expressed as percentage.</p

<i>In Vitro</i> Susceptibility Rates of different pathogens to empiric initial intraperitoneal therapies in period 2 (1993–2003).

<p>MSSA, methicillin-sensitive <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i>; MRSA, methicillin-resistant <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i>; CNS, coagulase-negative staphylococci; MRSE, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis; NA, not available; NT, not tested;</p><p>^a one vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE);</p><p>^b Bacteroides spp.; variables are expressed in number of antibiograms (percentage in parentheses regarding Susceptibility Rate);</p><p><i>In Vitro</i> Susceptibility Rates of different pathogens to empiric initial intraperitoneal therapies in period 2 (1993–2003).</p

Etiologic Spectrum of three different Peritonitis Episodes over 32 years.

<p>Distribution of organisms in period 1 (1979–1992), period 2 (1993–2003) and period 3 (2004–2014); all variables are expressed as percentage; Abbreviation: MSSA, methicillin-sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>; MRSA, methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>; CNS, coagulase-negative staphylococci; MRSE, methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>.</p

Baseline characteristics of study population during acute hantavirus infection; CRP C-reactive protein; LDH Lactate dehydrogenase; # Clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory values were taken at time of admission to hospital.

<p>Baseline characteristics of study population during acute hantavirus infection; CRP C-reactive protein; LDH Lactate dehydrogenase; # Clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory values were taken at time of admission to hospital.</p

Patient clinical data prior to and on PD.

<p>Patient clinical data prior to and on PD.</p

Characteristics of pre-developed TaqMan reagents.

<p>Characteristics of pre-developed TaqMan reagents.</p

(A.) CD46, CD55, and CD59 expression in patients on PD based on their history of peritonitis. (B.) Correlation of PD duration and RNA expression of CD46, CD55, and CD59 in patients on PD.

<p>(A.) RNA samples from patients with history of peritonitis (n = 11) and patients without history of peritonitis (n = 13) were analyzed for CD46, CD55, and CD59 by RT-PCR. The mean fold inductions of CD46, CD55, and CD59 were normalized to the housekeeping gene 18SrRNA. There were no significant differences comparing patients with history of PD-associated peritonitis with patients without history of PD-associated peritonitis. (B.) There was no statistically significant correlation between PD duration and the expression of CD46, CD55, or CD55 in patients on PD.</p

Characteristics of applied antibodies.

<p>Characteristics of applied antibodies.</p

Expression of CD46, CD55 and CD59 using IHC of biopsies from uremic controls (uremic patients at catheter implantation) and patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD).

<p><b>Expression was semiquantitative scored. PD patients were grouped according the D/P ratio creatinine and the D/D0 glucose in patients with low or low average peritoneal transport status (L/LA group) and patients with high average or high transport status (HA/H group)</b>. (A.) No statistically significant difference of CD46 staining between the groups was observed. (B.) CD55 staining was statistically significant decreased between the H/HA and the L/LA group and between the H/HA group and the uremic controls. No statistically significant differences between the L/LA group and the uremic controls could be observed. (C.) CD59 staining did not differ statistically significant between the groups.</p