The phenology of winter rye in Poland: an analysis of long-term experimental data

The study of the phenology of crops, although quite popular, has limitations, mainly because of frequent changes to crop varieties and management practices. Here, we present data on the phenology and yield of winter rye in western Poland collected between 1957 and 2012 from a long-term field experiment. Data were examined for trends through time and compared to climatological factors using regression analysis. Both annual air temperature and precipitation increased during the study period, equivalent to 2 °C and 186 mm, respectively, over the 52-year period for which met data were available. We detected significant delays in sowing date and recently in emergence, but significant advances were apparent in full flowering date equivalent to 4 days/decade. Yield and plant density experienced a step like change in 1986; yield increasing by ca. 70 % and plant density increasing by ca. 50 %, almost coinciding with a similar change in annual mean temperature, but most likely caused by a changed seed rate and use of herbicides. Future climate change is expected to have a greater impact on this crop, but farmers may be able to adapt to these changes by modifying water regimes, using new machinery and sowing new rye varieties

Silver nanoparticles deposited on pyrogenic silica solids: Preparation and textural properties

Silver-based nanomaterials and composites are important components in materials science and engineering due to the reactivity of silver nanophase based on exceptional surface effects. Ag-doped SiO 2 nanocomposites were synthesized by wet impregnation procedure of aminopropyl-functionalized silica materials with submicrometer structure. Aminopropyl-functionalized pyrogenic silicon dioxide with amount of amino groups established as half and close to full monolayer was used to immobilize the nanosilver phase obtained from ammoniacal silver complex as a noble metal precursor. Pyrogenic silicon dioxide as an inexpensive nanostructured material with useful properties including adsorptive affinity for noble metal ions and organic macromolecules was applied as a support for diamminesilver(I) ions and finally for silver nanoparticles. In the present study, the effect of amino-functionalization and silver nanoparticles deposition was monitored by investigation of the textural properties and thermal stability of obtained nanocomposites. The properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, and thermal analysis (thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry)

Machine and equipment monitoring, automation of technological processes in longwall and roadheading systems

Gromadzenie informacji dotyczących aktualnego przebiegu produkcji w sposób przejrzysty i ogólnie dostępny a także nadzór nad stanem pracy urządzeń produkcyjnych, nad maszynami i urządzeniami elektroenergetycznymi czy instalacjami przemysłowymi nadawy urobku na jednym stanowisku np. dyspozytora energomaszynowego w zakładzie pracy był i jest trendem wielu zakładów przemysłowych, także górniczych. Nadzorowanie maszyn jak i dostosowywanie ich parametrów poprzez szeroko rozumianą wizualizację w zmieniającym się środowisku ich pracy, to główny cel służb energomaszynowych a także geologicznych czy tąpań. Szczególnym problemem jest eksploatacja w bardzo trudnych warunkach i w strefach szczególnego zagrożenia.Information gathering concerning current production process in a clear and widely available manner as well as supervision of the operating status of the production equipment; machines and electrical power devices or manufacturing installation of mine output feed on one job position, e.g. of mechanical and electrical equipment dispatcher in the work place was and still is the trend in many plants, mining as well. Supervision of the machines and adjusting its parameters through visualization in a broad sense in its changing working environment is the main goal of the electrical and mechanical service as well as geological or rockburst too. There is a special problem in exploitation in very difficult conditions and danger zones

Testing the Extended Tao-Eldrup Model. Silica Gels Produced with Polymer Template

The temperature dependence of o-Ps lifetime in the pores calculated from extended Tao-Eldrup model was compared to the experimental data, collected for a set of silica gels synthesized using the polymer template technique. For the sample with average pore radii 2.0 nm rather good agreement between the model and experiment was found. For the sample with narrow pores (near 1.0 nm) the lifetime spectrum was complex. Except the range of highest temperatures the lifetimes are far from model calculations