Creating an integrated payment system: the evolution of Fedwire

Adapted from remarks given before the Seminar on Payment Systems in the European Union in Frankfurt, Germany, on February 27, 1997.Fedwire ; Electronic funds transfers ; Federal Reserve System

The power of feedback: An indicator of mentor effectiveness during student teaching

Mentorship programs have become increasingly prevalent in multiple organizations, particularly due to a large number of positive outcomes for the mentees such as improved performance, attitudes, and retention (e.g. Eby et al., 2013). Likewise, research suggests that there are potential benefits of training mentors to work with student teachers, leading many teacher preparation programs to devote human and financial resources to develop trained mentor teachers, known as clinical faculty, to provide pre-service support. Findings have shown that student teachers feel most supported when given concrete and meaningful feedback to improve their instructional practices (Sayeski & Paulsen, 2012), therefore, clinical faculty training prepares mentor teachers to provide this feedback. The purpose of this study was to establish evidence of effective mentorship in trained clinical faculty. The study reviewed data over a three-year period of student teaching experiences to better understand indicators of effective mentorship, and 13 themes related to effective mentorship were established. Student teacher evaluations of their mentor teachers indicated more effective mentorship with clinical faculty than untrained mentor teachers, particularly with regards to feedback. It was hypothesized that trained mentors provide feedback more often and of higher quality than untrained mentor teachers. Feedback on assessments of student teachers was reviewed. Quality of feedback was scored by adapting Hattie and Timperley’s (2007) model of feedback – self, task, process, and self-regulation, with the view that process and self-regulation feedback is the most effective feedback to improve practice. The hypotheses for higher quantity and quality were not supported; therefore, limitations of the current practices in training mentor teachers are discussed

TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM DAN UU NO. 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP JUAL BELI MAKANAN KEMASAN STYROFOAM

Jual beli yang ideal adalah jual beli yang memenuhi syarat-syarat, rukun-rukun, dan hal lainnya yang berkaitan dengan jual beli. Dalam jual beli makanan menggunakan kemasan styrofoam diketahui bahwa styrofoam yang digunakan untuk membungkus makanan mengandung za-zat yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab penjual makanan di Kecamatan Syiah Kuala menggunakan bahan styrofoam sebagai kemasan makanan, dampak positif dan negatif penggunaan styrofoam pada kemasan makanan dalam aspek ekonomi dan kesehatan, serta tinjauan hukum Islam dan UUPK terhadap jual beli makanan kemasan styrofoam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis yang nantinya peneliti akan melakukan penelitian melalui lapangan ataupun kepustakaan, adapun teknik pengumpulan data yaitu melalui observasi dan wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah faktor-faktor penyebab pedagang makanan di Kecamatan Syiah Kuala menggunakan bahan styrofoam sebagai kemasan makanan ialah dari segi harga, kebersihan, kelaziman, dan kenyamanan. Dampak positif penggunaan styrofoam pada kemasan makanan dalam aspek ekonomi karena harganya yang murah sedangkan dampak negatif dari aspek kesehatan yaitu dapat membahayakan kesehatan konsumen dan menimbulkan berbagai penyakit. Ditinjau dari hukum Islam bahwa akad jual beli makanan kemasan styrofoam menjadi fasid karena tidak terpenuhinya salah satu syarat objek jual beli, yaitu harus dapat dimanfaatkan sebagaimana mestinya dan sesuai dengan ketentuan syari’at Islam yaitu tidak menimbulkan mudharat atau sesuatu yang membahayakan dan merugikan manusia. Makanan dapat terkontaminasi oleh zat-zat berbahaya yang terkandung dalam styrofoam dan mengakibatkan kerugian pada pembeli berupa dapat membahayakan kesehatan pembeli dan menimbulkan penyakit, sehingga tidak terciptanya kemaslahatan dalam transaksi jual beli. Transaksi jual beli tersebut melanggar UUPK pasal 4 huruf a dan pasal 8 ayat (1)

A general approach to quantum dynamics using a variational master equation: Application to phonon-damped Rabi rotations in quantum dots

We develop a versatile master equation approach to describe the non-equilibrium dynamics of a two-level system in contact with a bosonic environment, which allows for the exploration of a wide range of parameter regimes within a single formalism. As an experimentally relevant example, we apply this technique to the study of excitonic Rabi rotations in a driven quantum dot, and compare its predictions to the numerical Feynman integral approach. We find excellent agreement between the two methods across a generally difficult range of parameters. In particular, the variational master equation technique captures effects usually considered to be non-perturbative, such as multi-phonon processes and bath-induced driving renormalisation, and can give reliable results even in regimes in which previous master equation approaches fail.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Published version, revised title, minor changes to the tex

Dimension Debasing towards Minimal Search Space Utilization for Mining Patterns in Big Data

Data mining algorithms generally produce patterns which are interesting. Such patterns can be used by domain experts in order to produce business intelligence. However, most of the existing algoritms that can not properly work for uncertain data. Keeping uncertain data’s characteristics in mind, it can be said that they do have more search space with existing algorithms. In this paper we proposed a method that can be used to reduce search space besides helping in producing patterns from uncertain data. The proposed method is based on MapReduce programming framework that works in distributed environment. The method essentially works on big data which is characterized by velocity, volume and variety. The proposed method also helps users to have constraints so as to produce high quality patterns. Such patterns can help in making well informed decisions. We built a prototype application that demonstrates the proof of concept. The empirical results are encouraging in mining uncertain big data in the presence of constraints. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15080

Cats and Conservationists: The Debate Over Who Owns the Outdoors

Cats and Conservationists is the first multidisciplinary analysis of the heated debate about free-roaming cats. The debate pits conservationists against cat lovers, who disagree both on the ecological damage caused by the cats and the best way to manage them. An impassioned and spirited conflict, it also sheds light on larger questions about how we interpret science, incorporate diverse perspectives, and balance competing values in order to encourage constructive dialogue on contentious social and environmental issues. On one side of the cat debate stand many environmentalists, especially birders and conservation organizations, who believe that outdoor cats seriously threaten native wildlife. On the other side are many animal welfare advocates, who believe that outdoor cats generally do not pose a major ecological threat and that it is possible for cats and wildlife to coexist. They believe that it is possible, mainly through trap-neuter-return projects (TNR), to keep free-roaming cat populations in check without killing large numbers of cats. Careful analysis suggests that there remain important questions about the science on both cat predation and TNR effectiveness. Yet both sides of the conflict insist that the evidence is clear-cut. This false certainty contributes to conflict between conservationists and cat lovers, and obscures common goals that could generate constructive discussions and collaborative efforts among scientists, policymakers, conservationists, and animal welfare advocates. Cats and Conservationists aims to facilitate such collaboration in order to manage outdoor cats and minimize the damage they cause. It also offers models for constructive debates about the public role of science in other polarized public conflicts over science and environmental topics.https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/purduepress_previews/1046/thumbnail.jp