Effects of Prolonged Intravenous Flunixin Meglumine in Healthy Dogs

This study was designed to evaluate possible side effects on liver and kidney functions and haematological indices, associated with long-term intravenous (IV) administration of flunixin meglumine in healthy dogs. For this purpose, 12 dogs were divided into 2 equal groups. Group 1 was intravenously given flunixin meglumine at the dose of 1.1 mg/kg/day for 5 days and g-roup 11 received 2.2 mg/kg/day IV for 5 days. Blood samples were withdrawn before treatment (day 0), 2 h post injection on each day of treatment and one day after the last injection for biochemical (glucose, sodium-Na, potassium-K, chloride-Cl, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase-AP, alanine amino transferase-ALT and total protein) and haematological (bleeding time, coagulation time, red blood cell, white blood cell, platelet count, differential leukocyte count, haematocrit and haemoglobin) analyses. Faecal and urine samples were collected on the same days as blood samples for the presence of any abnormalities. The results revealed a significant increase in bleeding (P < 0.001) and coagulation time (P < 0.001) and a decrease in platelet count (P < 0.001) in both groups. There was also a significant increase in the concentration of Na and Cl in group 1 and an elevation in AP (P < 0.00 07 ALT (P < 0.001) and glucose (P < 0.001) in group II. Blood in urine and faeces was also evident in both groups. The results may suggest that the dose of 1.1 mg/kg IV for 5 d does not cause any significant side effects provided that no bleeding disorder exists. and the dose of 2.2 mg/kg IV for 5 d should not exceed 3 d as liver enzymes began to increase significantly afterwards

Effects of L-cartitine administration on growth performances, carcass traits, serum lipids and abdominal fatty acid compositions of geese

The study was conducted to determine the effect of L-carnitine chlorhydrate administration via drinking water on growth performance, carcass traits, serum lipids and fatty acids composition of abdominal fat in geese. One hundred, one day old Turkish native geese chicks were divided into 2 groups, containing 50 chicks, receiving the same diets (starter diet for 6 weeks and grower diet for 6 weeks), and 0 and 100 mg/l carnitine chlorhydrate (0 and 100 mg/l) was given via drinking water during 12 weeks. At the end of the study, 30 geese were randomly selected from each group for determination of slaughter traits, and blood and abdominal fat samples were also taken

Effects of L-Carnitine administration on growth performance, carcass traits, serum lipids and abdominal fatty acid compositions of geese

The study was conducted to determine the effect of L-carnitine chlorhydrate administration via drinking water on growth performance, carcass traits, serum lipids and fatty acids composition of abdominal fat in geese. One hundred, one day old Turkish native geese chicks were divided into 2 groups, containing 50 chicks, receiving the same diets (starter diet for 6 weeks and grower diet for 6 weeks), and 0 and 100 mg/l carnitine chlorhydrate (0 and 100 mg/l) was given via drinking water during 12 weeks. At the end of the study, 30 geese were randomly selected from each group for determination of slaughter traits, and blood and abdominal fat samples were also taken. L-carnitine administration did not affect live weight, feed consumption but weakly affected feed conversion efficiency. Except for the liver weight, carcass traits were similar between the groups. Liver percentage to the carcass weight was significantly higher in carnitine group than in control group (P<0.05). Although, serum cholesterol, total lipid, triglycerid and glucose concentrations were not affected, L-carnitine administration significantly increased total saturated fatty acids concentrations, and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids concentrations without modifying monounsaturated fatty acids concentration in abdominal fat. Nevertheless, because of the weak effects of L-carnitine on growth performance, carcass traits and biochemical markers, an extensive dietary supplementation is not recommended

Concentrations of carnitine and other biochemical parameters in blood serum of normal dairy cows and cows with abomasal displacement (dislocatio abomasi) and puerperal disorders

It was the aim of this study to compare the concentrations of total (TC) and free L-carnitine (FC) in blood serum of different groups of lactating cows. The animals were allotted into three groups, a) control animals (N = 11), b) cows with abomasal displacement (AD) (N = 5) and c) cows with puerperal disorders (PD) (N = 5). TC and FC were measured with an radioenzymatic assay. Blood samples were collected from 5 to 0 d before parturition (a. p.) and from 0 to 28 d after parturition (p. p.). It was of interest to examine whether L-carnitine might be limiting under certain conditions of metabolic stress which are typical for high yielding lactating cows. Concentrations of TC and FC (mumoI/l) in control cows before and after parturition were 10,0* and 8,6* and 6,0-8,9 and 3,7-4,9, respectively. The corresponding TC and FC values for cows with AD were 19,6* and 8,9* and 10,5-20,7 and 4,8-6,9, respectively. Cows with PD showed TC and FC concentrations a. p. and p. p. of 15,7* and 9,2* and 10,3-13,0 and 4,8-6,3, h other puerperal disorders PD respectively (* only one value)

Carnitine concentrations in blood of high-yielding cows in the peripartal period

In the blood serum of 18 healthy SE cows (yielding 8200 kg FCM/year) total and free carnitine (TC and FC) concentrations were measured to be different ante and post partum. Reference values derived from these data were calculated to be: ante partum TC: 9.0 - 15.0 and FC 7.0 - 12.0; post partum TC: 6.6 - 12.0 and FC 4.0 - 8.5 mu mol/l. In the early stage of lactation carnitine is reduced, but has to be rated differently: in phase 1 carnitine is still sufficiently available and rises with increasing lypolysis. In phase 2, 4 to 12 weeks post partum, carnitine concentration falls below the optimum with the effect that ketogenesis is promoted. In this situation a substitution seems to be successful

Use of cardiac troponin kits for the qualitative determination of myocardial cell damage due to traumatic reticuloperitonitis in cattle

This study was designed to investigate whether kits to measure circulating cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I) and cardiac troponin-T (cTn-T) can be used to determine myocardial cell damage in cattle with traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP). Twenty cattle with TRP were compared with 10 clinically healthy cattle. cTn-I and cTn-T were determined qualitatively and cTn-I was determined quantitatively; biochemical analyses were also performed on both groups. The mean serum concentrations of total protein, globulin, glucose and calcium, and the mean activities of creatine kinase MB, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were higher in the cattle with TRP than in the control group. The cTn-I and cTn-T kits both gave positive results in three of the cattle with TRP and the quantitative measurement of cTn-I was positive in 11 of the TRP cases. Both tests were negative in the healthy cattle

Significance of carnitin in high yielding dairy cows in the peripartal period

The Carnitin concentration underwent slight changes during the period of time as well as within the two farms. The Carnitin concentration before parturition is seriously higher than after parturition. Those cows who suffer from a lack of energy before parturition, signal already within the first four weeks after parturition signs of a disturbed Carnitin supply, which is indicated by the negative correlations between Carnitin and ketone bodies as well as free fatty acids. Cows that will suffer from abomasal displacement as well as puerperal disorders had the highest Carnitin concentration in blood. Acyl Carnitin indicated the slightest strain on the metabolism