Ghost constraints and the covariant quantization of the superparticle in ten dimensions

We present a modification of the Berkovits superparticle. This is firstly in order to covariantly quantize the pure spinor ghosts, and secondly to covariantly calculate matrix elements of a generic operator between two states. We proceed by lifting the pure spinor ghost constraints and regaining them through a BRST cohomology. We are then able to perform a BRST quantization of the system in the usual way, except for some interesting subtleties. Since the pure spinor constraints are reducible, ghosts for ghosts terms are needed, which have so far been calculated up to level 4. Even without a completion of these terms, we are still able to calculate arbitrary matrix elements of a physical operator between two physical states.Comment: 38 pages, Latex, no figures. Published versio

Operator Product Expansion for Pure Spinor Superstring on AdS(5)*S(5)

The tree-level operator product expansion coefficients of the matter currents are calculated in the pure spinor formalism for type IIB superstring in the AdS(5)*S(5) background.Comment: 18 pages, no figure, corrected typos and added acknowledgement

The Structure of Tumours Derived from Mouse Cells after “Spontaneous” Transformation in vitro

The histological structure of 58 primary tumours derived from spontaneously transformed tissue culture cell lines from embryonic (14-16 days), young (3-20 days) and old (28-34 months) C3H and C57 mice is described. Although the cell lines were derived from a number of different organs the tumours were similar in morphology. The pattern was mixed, with “fibrosarcomatous”, “myxoid”, “epithelioid” and giant cell areas. The tumours resemble some types of haemangiopericytoma

Immunological Control of Polyoma Virus Oncogenesis in Mice

Adult CBA mice thymectomized, treated with antilymphocytic globulin (ALG) and inoculated with human leprosy organisms were accidentally infected with polyoma virus and all developed tumours. After cessation of ALG administration, some animals were given spleen cells from syngeneic donors immunized with polyoma virus; none developed tumours. Similar results were obtained in mice deliberately infected with polyoma virus but not with leprosy organisms. Passive transfer of antibody before but not after virus inoculation prevented tumour formation in immunosuppressed recipients. Virus infection in thymectomized, lethally irradiated and bone marrow reconstituted mice resulted in only a very low incidence of tumours. These results emphasize the role of immunological surveillance in preventing polyoma tumour formation under natural conditions

Relating Green-Schwarz and Extended Pure Spinor Formalisms by Similarity Transformation

In order to gain deeper understanding of pure-spinor-based formalisms of superstring, an explicit similarity transformation is constructed which provides operator mapping between the light-cone Green-Schwarz (LCGS) formalism and the extended pure spinor (EPS) formalism, a recently proposed generalization of the Berkovits' formalism in an enlarged space. By applying a systematic procedure developed in our previous work, we first construct an analogous mapping in the bosonic string relating the BRST and the light-cone formulations. This provides sufficient insights and allows us to construct the desired mapping in the more intricate case of superstring as well. The success of the construction owes much to the enlarged field space where pure spinor constraints are removed and to the existence of the ``B-ghost'' in the EPS formalism.Comment: 37pages, no figur