10,633 research outputs found
Mesoscale numerical approach to predict macroscale fluid flow problems
We present a detailed analysis of the lattice Boltzmann method to simulate an incompressible fluid flow problem. Thorough derivation of macroscopic hydrodynamics equations from the continuous Boltzmann equation is performed. After showing how the formulation of the mesoscale particle dynamics fits in to the framework of lattice Boltzmann simulations, numerical results of isothermal, thermal and multiphase fluid flow are presented to highlight the applicability of the approach. The objective of the paper is to gain better understanding of this relatively new approach for applied engineering problems in fluid transport phenomena
Bi-Directional Energy Cascades and the Origin of Kinetic Alfv\'enic and Whistler Turbulence in the Solar Wind
The observed sub-proton scale turbulence spectrum in the solar wind raises
the question of how that turbulence originates. Observations of keV energetic
electrons during solar quite-time suggest them as possible source of free
energy to drive the turbulence. Using particle-in-cell simulations, we explore
how free energy in energetic electrons, released by an electron two-stream
instability drives Weibel-like electromagnetic waves that excite wave-wave
interactions. Consequently, both kinetic Alfv\'enic and whistler waves are
excited that evolve through inverse and forward magnetic energy cascades.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, Submitted to Physical Review Letter
Electron Holes and Heating in the Reconnection Dissipation Region
Using particle-in-cell simulations and kinetic theory, we explore the
current-driven turbulence and associated electron heating in the dissipation
region during 3D magnetic reconnection with a guide field. At late time the
turbulence is dominated by the Buneman and lower hybrid instabilities. Both
produce electron holes that co-exist but have very different propagation
speeds. The associated scattering of electrons by the holes enhances electron
heating in the dissipation region.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, submitted to GR
The importance of design characteristics in walking from student's perspective: a case study in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Walking is a common form of physical activity, which has a lot of both social and recreational impacts. It is studied as a way of achieving sustainability. Many researchers
recommend that walking can increase mental and physical health. Spectators of new urbanism recommend that the good design will encourage walking. There are several
characteristics for designing walkable communities, which were frequently described in researches by many authors. In this paper, the four criteria noticed for making walkable
university campus include connectivity, accessibility, safety/security and comfort. These criteria have been assessed by gathering survey in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia to find out if these criteria can cause or affect walkability in university campus and it has been supported by previous studies. The result of the survey shows that these criteria are important from students’ perspective as high numbers of the students consider these characters as important for walking activity. The conclusion is to achieve walkable university campus as it will be necessary to evaluate present walking conditions, research
walking behavior in different settings and consider these four criteria in designing campus for improving walking condition
Dynamic analysis of flexible mechanical systems using LATDYN
A 3-D, finite element based simulation tool for flexible multibody systems is presented. Hinge degrees-of-freedom is built into equations of motion to reduce geometric constraints. The approach avoids the difficulty in selecting deformation modes for flexible components by using assumed mode method. The tool is applied to simulate a practical space structure deployment problem. Results of examples demonstrate the capability of the code and approach
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