1,398 research outputs found
Correlations and fluctuations of a confined electron gas
The grand potential and the response of a phase-coherent confined noninteracting electron gas depend
sensitively on chemical potential or external parameter . We compute
their autocorrelation as a function of , and temperature. The result
is related to the short-time dynamics of the corresponding classical system,
implying in general the absence of a universal regime. Chaotic, diffusive and
integrable motions are investigated, and illustrated numerically. The
autocorrelation of the persistent current of a disordered mesoscopic ring is
also computed.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Nanocrystalline magnetic alloys and ceramics
Magnetic properties of materials in their nanocrystalline state have assumed significance in recent years because of their potential applications. A number of techniques have been used to prepare nanocrystalline magnetic phases. Melt spinning, high energy ball milling, sputtering, glassceramization and molecular beam epitaxy are some of the physical methods used so far. Among the chemical methods, sol-gel and co-precipitation routes have been found to be convenient. Ultrafine particles of both ferro- and ferrimagnetic systems show superparamagnetic behaviour at room temperature. Coercivity(Hc ) and maximum energy product (BH)max of the magnetic particles can be changed by controlling their sizes. The present paper reviews all these aspects in the case of nanocrystalline magnetic systems - both metallic and ceramics
Experimental Processing of some of the Indian Clays for Chemical Purposes
Clays are of various types viz.,fire clays ball
clays, stoneware clays, pipe clays, brick clays, bento-nite, kaolin etc. Excepting the last, the rest are avai-lable in sufficient purity and no dressing is usually necessary. Kaolin is to be washed free of gritty material in suitably designed washers
Absorption lines from magnetically-driven winds in X-ray binaries
High resolution X-ray spectra of black hole X-ray binaries (BHBs) show
blueshifted absorption lines from disk winds which seem to be equatorial. Winds
occur in the Softer (disk-dominated) states of the outburst and are less
prominent or absent in the Harder (power-law dominated) states. We use
self-similar magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) accretion-ejection models to explain
the disk winds in BHBs. In our models, the density at the base of the outflow
from the accretion disk is not a free parameter, but is determined by solving
the full set of dynamical MHD equations. Thus the physical properties of the
outflow are controlled by the global structure of the disk. We studied
different MHD solutions characterized by different values of (a) the disk
aspect ratio () and (b) the ejection efficiency (). We use two
kinds of MHD solutions depending on the absence (cold solution) or presence
(warm solution) of heating at the disk surface. Such heating could be from e.g.
dissipation of energy due to MHD turbulence in the disk or from illumination.
We use each of these MHD solutions to predict the physical parameters of an
outflow; put limits on the ionization parameter (), column density and
timescales, motivated by observational results; and thus select regions within
the outflow which are consistent with the observed winds. The cold MHD
solutions cannot account for winds due to their low ejection efficiency. But
warm solutions can explain the observed physical quantities in the wind because
they can have sufficiently high values of (, implying larger
mass loading at the base of the outflow). Further from our thermodynamic
equilibrium curve analysis for the outflowing gas, we found that in the Hard
state a range of is thermodynamically unstable, and had to be excluded.
This constrain made it impossible to have any wind at all, in the Hard state.Comment: 16 Pages, 10 figures in the main body and 4 figures in the appendix.
Accepted for publication in A&
Impact of modern electronic equipment on the assessment of network harmonic impedance
Network harmonic impedance forms the link between harmonic currents emitted by individual devices and the harmonic voltage levels in the grid. It is essential for the definition of current emission limits in order to ensure Electromagnetic Compatibility between all equipment connected to the grid. Among all electrical equipment in future smart grid electronic devices, like PV inverters, EV chargers or lamps with electronic ballast, will have a dominating share. This is expected to have a considerable impact on the network harmonic impedance characteristic. The paper discusses the frequency-dependent input impedance of different types of modern electronic equipment and its potential impact on the network harmonic impedance. It is shown that the semiconductor switching results in a variation of the impedance within the fundamental cycle. This is not considered by the presently used assessment methods as they assume only passive network elements. Beside a method to measure these variations, several indices are introduced to quantify the level of its impact. The paper aims to provide some impulses for further discussions, particularly about the definition of network harmonic impedance in presence of electronic devices, the necessity to include these variations in realistic harmonic studies and if this has to be considered in the standardization
Transport in bacteriophage P22-infected Salmonella typhimurium
There was rapid efflux of L-leucine, L-phenylalanine, and α-methyl-D-glucoside after infection of Salmonella typhimurium with the clear plaque mutant C1 of phage P22. The efflux was similar to that observed with cyanide or arsenate treatment except that there was partial recovery in the case of phage infection and almost complete recovery under the condition of lysogeny. There was no efflux after infection with the temperature-sensitive mutant ts16C1 at nonpermissive temperature. Superinfection of superinfection exclusion negative lysogen (sie A - sie B-) with C1 led to efflux, whereas the efflux was much less on superinfection of sie A+ Sie B+ lysogen. These results indicate that an effective injection process is enough to cause depression in the cellular transport processes
Electrical conduction in composites containing copper core-copper oxide shell nanostructure in silica gel
Composites of nanometre-sized copper core-copper oxide shell with diameters in the range 6.1 to 7.3 nm dispersed in a silica gel were synthesised by a technique comprising reduction followed by oxidation of a suitably chosen precursor gel. The hot pressed gel powders mixed with nanometre-sized copper particles dispersed in silica gel showed electrical resistivities several orders of magnitude lower than that of the precursor gel. Electrical resistivities of the different specimens were measured over the temperature range 30 to 300°C. Activation energies for the coreshell nanostructured composites were found to be a fraction of that of the precursor gel. Such dramatic changes are ascribed to the presence of an interfacial amorphous phase. The resistivity variation as a function of temperature was analysed on the basis of Mott's small polaron hopping conduction model. The effective dielectric constant of the interfacial phase as extracted from the data analysis was found to be much higher than that of the precursor glass. This has been explained as arising from the generation of very high pressure at the interface due to the oxidation step to which the copper nanoparticles are subjected
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