Лингвостилистическая организация дискурсивной стратегии продвижения университета в сопоставительном аспекте (на основе анализа сайтов российского и китайского вузов)

Объект исследования - университетский дискурс. Цель работы — выявление особенностей лингвостилистической организации дискурсивной стратегии продвижения на сайтах вузов РФ и КНР. В процессе исследования проводились дискурсивный, лингвистический, стилистический, сопоставительный анализ коммуникативной стратегии продвижения вузов. В результате исследования были выявлены лингвистические и стилистические особенности оформления жанров сайтов вузов, реализующих стратегию продвижения, проведен сопоставительный анализ, выработаны рекомендации по переводу. Область применения: переводческая практика переводов и разработки внешних версий сайтов вузов. Экономическая эффективность/значимость работы заключается в предоставлении рекомендаций по переводу сайтов в аспекте продвижения вуза.Object of research: university discourse. Aim of research is to determine linguistic and stylistic features of promotion as a discourse strategy conducted on websites of Russian and Chinese universities. The following activities were carried out inn the course of the research: discourse analysis, linguistic, stylistic and comparative analysis of the communication strategy of universities promotion. Research results: linguistic and stylistic features of universities websites genres that use communication strategy of promotion were determined, comparative analysis was carried out, translation recommendations were provided. Appliance scope: translational practice of translation and design of universities foreign language versions

A core outcome set for studies of gestational diabetes mellitus prevention and treatment

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this systematic review was to develop core outcome sets (COSs) for trials evaluating interventions for the prevention or treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: We identified previously reported outcomes through a systematic review of the literature. These outcomes were presented to key stakeholders (including patient representatives, researchers and clinicians) for prioritisation using a three-round, e-Delphi study. A priori consensus criteria informed which outcomes were brought forward for discussion at a face-to-face consensus meeting where the COS was finalised. RESULTS: Our review identified 74 GDM prevention and 116 GDM treatment outcomes, which were presented to stakeholders in round 1 of the e-Delphi study. Round 1 was completed by 173 stakeholders, 70% (121/173) of whom went on to complete round 2; 84% (102/121) of round 2 responders completed round 3. Twenty-two GDM prevention outcomes and 30 GDM treatment outcomes were discussed at the consensus meeting. Owing to significant overlap between included prevention and treatment outcomes, consensus meeting stakeholders agreed to develop a single prevention/treatment COS. Fourteen outcomes were included in the final COS. These consisted of six maternal outcomes (GDM diagnosis, adherence to the intervention, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, requirement and type of pharmacological therapy for hyperglycaemia, gestational weight gain and mode of birth) and eight neonatal outcomes (birthweight, large for gestational age, small for gestational age, gestational age at birth, preterm birth, neonatal hypoglycaemia, neonatal death and stillbirth). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: This COS will enable future GDM prevention and treatment trials to measure similar outcomes that matter to stakeholders and facilitate comparison and combination of these studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered prospectively with the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) database: http://www.comet-initiative.org/studies/details/686/

Placental fractalkine is up-regulated in severe early-onset preeclampsia

The pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) includes the release of placental factors into the maternal circulation, inducing an inflammatory environment in the mother. One of the factors may be the proinflammatory chemokine fractalkine, which is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast of human placenta, from where it is released into the maternal circulation by constitutive shedding. We examined whether placental fractalkine is up-regulated in severe early-onset PE and whether the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-{alpha} and IL-6 are able to increase the expression of fractalkine. Gene expression analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry consistently showed increased fractalkine expression in placentas from severe early-onset PE, compared to gestational age-matched controls. Expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinases 10 and 17, which convert transmembrane fractalkine into the soluble form, was significantly increased in these cases. Incubation of first-trimester placental explants with TNF-{alpha} provoked a significant increase in fractalkine expression and release of the soluble form, whereas IL-6 had no effect. TNF-{alpha}-mediated up-regulation of placental fractalkine was reversed in the presence of the aspirin-derivative salicylate, which impaired activation of NF-{kappa}B p65 in TNF-{alpha}-treated explants. On the basis of data from placental explants, we suggest that increased maternal TNF-{alpha} may up-regulate the expression and release of placental fractalkine, which, in turn, may contribute to an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response in PE