Three-dimensional quantum electrodynamics as an effective interaction

We obtain a Quantum Electrodynamics in 2+1 dimensions by applying a Kaluza--Klein type method of dimensional reduction to Quantum Electrodynamics in 3+1 dimensions rendering the model more realistic to application in solid-state systems, invariant under translations in one direction. We show that the model obtained leads to an effective action exhibiting an interesting phase structure and that the generated Chern--Simons term survives only in the broken phase.Comment: 10 pages in Plain Te

Immigration and the origins of regional inequality: Government-sponsored European migration to Southern Brazil before World War I

This paper studies the long-term consequences of the government-sponsored programs of European immigration to Southern Brazil before the Great War. We find that the municipalities closer to the original sites of nineteenth century government sponsored settlements (colônias) have higher per capita income, less poverty and dependence on Bolsa Família cash transfers, better health and education outcomes; and for the areas close to German colonies, also less inequality of income and educational outcomes than otherwise. Since that is a reduced form relationship, we then attempt to identify the relative importance of more egalitarian landholdings and higher initial human capital in determining those outcomes. Our findings are suggestive that more egalitarian land distribution played a more important role than higher initial human capital in achieving the good outcomes associated with closeness to a colônia.Brazil; Migration; Rio Grande do Sul; German migration; Italian migration; New World; Land distribution; Human capital; Economic history of Latin America

Translational research into gut microbiota: new horizons on obesity treatment: updated 2014

Obesity is currently a pandemic of worldwide proportions affecting millions of people. Recent studies have proposed the hypothesis that mechanisms not directly related to the human genome could be involved in the genesis of obesity, due to the fact that, when a population undergoes the same nutritional stress, not all individuals present weight gain related to the diet or become hyperglycemic. The human intestine is colonized by millions of bacteria which form the intestinal flora, known as gut flora. Studies show that lean and overweight human may present a difference in the composition of their intestinal flora; these studies suggest that the intestinal flora could be involved in the development of obesity. Several mechanisms explain the correlation between intestinal flora and obesity. The intestinal flora would increase the energetic extraction of non-digestible polysaccharides. In addition, the lipopolysaccharide from intestinal flora bacteria could trigger a chronic sub-clinical inflammatory process, leading to obesity and diabetes. Another mechanism through which the intestinal flora could lead to obesity would be through the regulation of genes of the host involved in energy storage and expenditure. In the past five years data coming from different sources established causal effects between intestinal microbiota and obesity/insulin resistance, and it is clear that this area will open new avenues of therapeutic to obesity, insulin resistance and DM2.Obesity is currently a pandemic of worldwide proportions affecting millions of people. Recent studies have proposed the hypothesis that mechanisms not directly related to the human genome could be involved in the genesis of obesity, due to the fact that, when a population undergoes the same nutritional stress, not all individuals present weight gain related to the diet or become hyperglycemic. The human intestine is colonized by millions of bacteria which form the intestinal flora, known as gut flora. Studies show that lean and overweight human may present a difference in the composition of their intestinal flora; these studies suggest that the intestinal flora could be involved in the development of obesity. Several mechanisms explain the correlation between intestinal flora and obesity. The intestinal flora would increase the energetic extraction of non-digestible polysaccharides. In addition, the lipopolysaccharide from intestinal flora bacteria could trigger a chronic sub-clinical inflammatory process, leading to obesity and diabetes. Another mechanism through which the intestinal flora could lead to obesity would be through the regulation of genes of the host involved in energy storage and expenditure. In the past five years data coming from different sources established causal effects between intestinal microbiota and obesity/insulin resistance, and it is clear that this area will open new avenues of therapeutic to obesity, insulin resistance and DM259215416

Introducao e avaliacao da Gliricidia sepium na regiao semi-arida do Nordeste brasileiro.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar a potencialidade de gliricídia e relatar a sua introdução no Semi-Árido do Nordeste brasileiro pela Embrapa Semi-Árido.

Silagem de leucena em tambores: tecnologia para pequenos produtores.

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Cultivo do coqueiro gigante associado à exploração de ovinos em áreas de baixada litorânea no Nordeste do Brasil.

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Crescimento e algumas características nutricionais do capim-gengibre (Paspalum maritimum Trind.)

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Avaliação preliminar da viabilidade do consórcio de ovinos com fruteiras.

A possibilidade de associar a criação de ovinos à produção de fruteiras tem sido alvo de crescente interesse, especialmente nas áreas irrigadas do vale do São Francisco. Estudo em vários países indicam boas perspectivas para este tipo de associação pelo seu grande potencial em reduzir os custos de produção das fruteiras. Com esse objetivo, a Embrapa conduziu três ensaios preliminares na região Nordeste. O primeiro, consorciando ovinos com coqueirais da Baixada Litorânea de Sergipe, o segundo, com o cultivo de mangueiras Tommy Atkins, em latossolos irrigados do município de Curaçá, BA e o terceiro, com videiras irrigadas, no município de Petrolina, PE. Essas avaliações consideraram parâmetros de produtividade e de comportamento animal, de eficiência no controle da vegetação espontânea e de produtividade das fruteiras. Em todos os ensaios, os resultados observados indicam as boas perspectivas do sistema em controlar as ervas daninhas, reduzindo ou eliminando roçagens mecânicas, capinas manuais e aplicações de herbicidas, sem afetar a produtividade das fruteiras e de, adicionalmente, obter, na forma de produção de carne ovina, uma receita adicional ao empreendimento