Spinning test particles and clock effect in Kerr spacetime

We study the motion of spinning test particles in Kerr spacetime using the Mathisson-Papapetrou equations; we impose different supplementary conditions among the well known Corinaldesi-Papapetrou, Pirani and Tulczyjew's and analyze their physical implications in order to decide which is the most natural to use. We find that if the particle's center of mass world line, namely the one chosen for the multipole reduction, is a spatially circular orbit (sustained by the tidal forces due to the spin) then the generalized momentum $P$ of the test particle is also tangent to a spatially circular orbit intersecting the center of mass line at a point. There exists one such orbit for each point of the center of mass line where they intersect; although fictitious, these orbits are essential to define the properties of the spinning particle along its physical motion. In the small spin limit, the particle's orbit is almost a geodesic and the difference of its angular velocity with respect to the geodesic value can be of arbitrary sign, corresponding to the spin-up and spin-down possible alignment along the z-axis. We also find that the choice of the supplementary conditions leads to clock effects of substantially different magnitude. In fact, for co-rotating and counter-rotating particles having the same spin magnitude and orientation, the gravitomagnetic clock effect induced by the background metric can be magnified or inhibited and even suppressed by the contribution of the individual particle's spin. Quite surprisingly this contribution can be itself made vanishing leading to a clock effect undistiguishable from that of non spinning particles. The results of our analysis can be observationally tested.Comment: IOP macros, eps figures n. 12, to appear on Classical and Quantum Gravity, 200

On gravitomagnetic precession around black holes

We compute exactly the Lense-Thirring precession frequency for point masses in the Kerr metric, for arbitrary black hole mass and specific angular momentum. We show that this frequency, for point masses at or close to the innermost stable orbit, and for holes with moderate to extreme rotation, is less than, but comparable to the rotation frequency. Thus, if the quasi periodic oscillations (QPOs) observed in the modulation of the X-ray flux from some black holes candidates are due to Lense-Thirring precession of orbiting material, we predict that a separate, distinct QPO ought to be observed in each object.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. MN-Latex, 2 figure

Circular holonomy in the Taub-NUT spacetime

Parallel transport around closed circular orbits in the equatorial plane of the Taub-NUT spacetime is analyzed to reveal the effect of the gravitomagnetic monopole parameter on circular holonomy transformations. Investigating the boost/rotation decomposition of the connection 1-form matrix evaluated along these orbits, one finds a situation that reflects the behavior of the general orthogonally transitive stationary axisymmetric case and indeed along Killing trajectories in general.Comment: 9 pages, LaTeX iopart class, no figure

Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies: Clinical Aspects and Endoscopic Management

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Spinning test particles and clock effect in Schwarzschild spacetime

We study the behaviour of spinning test particles in the Schwarzschild spacetime. Using Mathisson-Papapetrou equations of motion we confine our attention to spatially circular orbits and search for observable effects which could eventually discriminate among the standard supplementary conditions namely the Corinaldesi-Papapetrou, Pirani and Tulczyjew. We find that if the world line chosen for the multipole reduction and whose unit tangent we denote as $U$ is a circular orbit then also the generalized momentum $P$ of the spinning test particle is tangent to a circular orbit even though $P$ and $U$ are not parallel four-vectors. These orbits are shown to exist because the spin induced tidal forces provide the required acceleration no matter what supplementary condition we select. Of course, in the limit of a small spin the particle's orbit is close of being a circular geodesic and the (small) deviation of the angular velocities from the geodesic values can be of an arbitrary sign, corresponding to the possible spin-up and spin-down alignment to the z-axis. When two spinning particles orbit around a gravitating source in opposite directions, they make one loop with respect to a given static observer with different arrival times. This difference is termed clock effect. We find that a nonzero gravitomagnetic clock effect appears for oppositely orbiting both spin-up or spin-down particles even in the Schwarzschild spacetime. This allows us to establish a formal analogy with the case of (spin-less) geodesics on the equatorial plane of the Kerr spacetime. This result can be verified experimentally.Comment: IOP macros, eps figures n. 2, to appear on Classical and Quantum gravity, 200

The origins of Causality Violations in Force Free Simulations of Black Hole Magnetospheres

Recent simulations of force-free, degenerate (ffde) black hole magnetospheres indicate that the fast mode radiated from (or near) the event horizon can modify the global potential difference in the poloidal direction orthogonal to the magnetic field, V, in a black hole magnetosphere. There is a fundamental contradiction in a wave that alters V coming from near the horizon. The background fields in ffde satisfy the ``ingoing wave condition'' near the horizon (that arises from the requirement that all matter is ingoing at the event horizon), yet outgoing waves are radiated from this region in the simulation. Studying the properties of the waves in the simulations are useful tools to this end. It is shown that regularity of the stress-energy tensor in a freely falling frame requires that the outgoing (as viewed globally) waves near the event horizon are redshifted away and are ineffectual at changing V. It is also concluded that waves in massless MHD (ffde) are extremely inaccurate depictions of waves in a tenuous MHD plasma, near the event horizon, as a consequence black hole gravity. Any analysis based on ffde near the event horizon is seriously flawed.Comment: 9 pages to appear in ApJ Letter

Spin precession in the Schwarzschild spacetime: circular orbits

We study the behavior of nonzero rest mass spinning test particles moving along circular orbits in the Schwarzschild spacetime in the case in which the components of the spin tensor are allowed to vary along the orbit, generalizing some previous work.Comment: To appear on Classical and Quantum Gravity, 200

Oscillations of the Eddington Capture Sphere

We present a toy model of mildly super-Eddington, optically thin accretion onto a compact star in the Schwarzschild metric, which predicts periodic variations of luminosity when matter is supplied to the system at a constant accretion rate. These are related to the periodic appearance and disappearance of the Eddington Capture Sphere. In the model the frequency is found to vary inversely with the luminosity. If the input accretion rate varies (strictly) periodically, the luminosity variation is quasi-periodic, and the quality factor is inversely proportional to the relative amplitude of mass accretion fluctuations, with its largest value approximately Q= 1/(10 |delta Mdot/Mdot|) attained in oscillations at about 1 to 2 kHz frequencies for a 2 solar mass star