4,849 research outputs found
Natural Language Does Not Emerge 'Naturally' in Multi-Agent Dialog
A number of recent works have proposed techniques for end-to-end learning of
communication protocols among cooperative multi-agent populations, and have
simultaneously found the emergence of grounded human-interpretable language in
the protocols developed by the agents, all learned without any human
supervision!
In this paper, using a Task and Tell reference game between two agents as a
testbed, we present a sequence of 'negative' results culminating in a
'positive' one -- showing that while most agent-invented languages are
effective (i.e. achieve near-perfect task rewards), they are decidedly not
interpretable or compositional.
In essence, we find that natural language does not emerge 'naturally',
despite the semblance of ease of natural-language-emergence that one may gather
from recent literature. We discuss how it is possible to coax the invented
languages to become more and more human-like and compositional by increasing
restrictions on how two agents may communicate.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, accepted at EMNLP 2017 as short pape
Z-prime Gauge Bosons at the Tevatron
We study the discovery potential of the Tevatron for a Z-prime gauge boson.
We introduce a parametrization of the Z-prime signal which provides a
convenient bridge between collider searches and specific Z-prime models. The
cross section for p pbar -> Z-prime X -> l^+ l^- X depends primarily on the
Z-prime mass and the Z-prime decay branching fraction into leptons times the
average square coupling to up and down quarks. If the quark and lepton masses
are generated as in the standard model, then the Z-prime bosons accessible at
the Tevatron must couple to fermions proportionally to a linear combination of
baryon and lepton numbers in order to avoid the limits on Z--Z-prime mixing.
More generally, we present several families of U(1) extensions of the standard
model that include as special cases many of the Z-prime models discussed in the
literature. Typically, the CDF and D0 experiments are expected to probe
Z-prime-fermion couplings down to 0.1 for Z-prime masses in the 500--800 GeV
range, which in various models would substantially improve the limits set by
the LEP experiments.Comment: 34 pages, 13 figure
Importance of Non-Perturbative QCD Parameters for Bottom Mesons
The importance of non-perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics [QCD] parameters is
discussed in context to the predicting power for bottom meson masses and
isospin splitting. In the framework of heavy quark effective theory, the work
presented here focuses on the different allowed values of the two non
perturbative QCD parameters used in heavy quark effective theory formula and
using the best fitted parameter, masses of the excited bottom meson states in
JP=(1/2)+ doublet in strange as well as non-strange sector are calculated here.
The calculated masses are found to be matching well with experiments and other
phenomenological models. The mass and hyperfine splitting has also been
analyzed for both strange and non-strange heavy mesons with respect to spin and
flavor symmetries.Comment: Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 619783, 4 pages, Advances in High
Energy Physics, 2014. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1312.540
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