Component Processes of Decision Making in a Community Sample of Precariously Housed Persons: Associations With Learning and Memory, and Health-Risk Behaviors

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is a widely used measure of decision making, but its value in signifying behaviors associated with adverse, “real-world” consequences has not been consistently demonstrated in persons who are precariously housed or homeless. Studies evaluating the ecological validity of the IGT have primarily relied on traditional IGT scores. However, computational modeling derives underlying component processes of the IGT, which capture specific facets of decision making that may be more closely related to engagement in behaviors associated with negative consequences. This study employed the Prospect Valence Learning (PVL) model to decompose IGT performance into component processes in 294 precariously housed community residents with substance use disorders. Results revealed a predominant focus on gains and a lack of sensitivity to losses in these vulnerable community residents. Hypothesized associations were not detected between component processes and self-reported health-risk behaviors. These findings provide insight into the processes underlying decision making in a vulnerable substance-using population and highlight the challenge of linking specific decision making processes to “real-world” behaviors

New naphthopyrone derivatives from Cassia pudibunda

Further examination of the methanolic extract of the roots of Cassia pudibunda led to isolation of four new angular γ-naphthopyrones identified as 10-demethylflavaspe-rone (1), 10-demethylflavasperone-10-sulphate (2), 10-demethylflavasperone-10-O-β-D-apiof uranosyl-(1→-6)-O-β-D-glucopy-ranoside (3), and cassiapyrone-10-sulphate (7-methyl-10-deme-thylflavasperone-10-sulphate) (4). The antimicrobial activity of the compounds is also reported

(-)-Salzol, an isopimarane diterpene, and a chalcone from Hyptis salzmanii

From the leaves of Hyptis salzmanii a new isopimarane diterpene, named (-)-salzol, and the new 4,2′,6′-trihydroxy-4′-methox,ychalcone were isolated, together with three known lignans, i.e. (+)-sesamin, (-)-cubebins, (-)-hinokinin, three known flavanones, i.e. (-)-isosakuranetin, (±)-sakuranetin, (+)-naringenin-7,4′-dimethylether, and p-methoxycinnamic acid. The structure of 20-benzoyloxy-6β,7β,8β,9α-tetrahydroxyisopimar-15-ene, assigned to (-)-salzol, and the structure of the chalcone were determined on the basis of chemical and spectral dat

Ressourcenschonende Herstellung von Polymerwerkstoffen am Beispiel Polyolefine Abschlussbericht

The following topics were dealt with: synthesis of polyolefins, low density polyethylene, high pressure polymerization, high density polyethylene, suspension polymerization, reactor, gas phase polymerization, polypropylene, catalysts, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, bulk polymerization, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer, polyamide, waste gases, power consumption, energy consumption, environmental protectionSIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 8908(2000,186) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Synthesis of C-Alkylcalix[4]arenes. 7. Synthesis and Interaction with Copper(II) Cations of Cyano- and Aminoresorcin[4]arenes.

Following studies on resorcin[4]arenes, we synthesized new macrocycles containing cyanomethyl and aminomethyl side chains. Three stereoisomers (2a-c) of the former were obtained by BF3â Et2O tetramerization of the corresponding trans-cinnamic acid derivative and were shown to be in the 1,2-alternate, cone, and 1,3-alternate conformations. Conversely, the tetraamino derivative 6a in the cone conformation was prepared from the corresponding tetrabromide 3a. The interactions with CuII cations of the new compounds were analyzed by measurements of 1H NMR and EPR spectra in parallel with molecular modeling calculations