90 research outputs found
Enriching the tactical network design of express service carriers with fleet scheduling characteristics
Field, capital and the policing habitus: nderstanding Bourdieu through The NYPD’s post-9/11 counterterrorism practices
This article extends existing Bourdieusian theory in criminology and
security literature through examining the practices of the New York City
Police Department in the post-9/11 counterterrorism field. This article
makes several original contributions. First, it explores the resilient nature
of the policing habitus, extending Bourdieusian criminological findings
that habitus are entrenched and difficult to change. Second, this article
examines the way the resilient habitus drives subordinate factions to
displace dominant factions in a field’s established social hierarchy
through boundary-pushing practices, a concept previously unexamined in
Bourdieusian criminology. Drawing on original documentary analysis, this
article uses the illustrative example of the NYPD’s post-9/11
counterterrorism practices, exploring how it sought to displace the
existing social structure by using its aggressive policing habitus and an
infusion of ‘War on Terror’ capital to challenge the dominant position of
the FBI in the post-9/11 counterterrorism field. The NYPD’s habitus
driven counterterrorism practices were novel and unprecedented,
creating strain with both the FBI and local communities
A thin-slice of institutionalised police brutality: a tradition of excessive force in the Chicago Police Department
In the Chicago Police Department, a sustained tradition of tolerating violent conduct has contributed to the fostering of a police culture in which the use of force is celebrated. Evidence suggests that there has been a historical reluctance to take action to discipline officers accused of misconduct – many of whom are highly decorated veterans of the Chicago Police Department. It is the contention of this article that the long-standing endorsement of excessive force in Chicago policing has compromised officers’ ability to thin-slice, a psychological process in which people are able to draw on their experiences and socio-cultural context to make quick decisions under pressure. Instead, officers are instinctively drawn to engage in misconduct as a means to an end, with the confidence that their actions will not attract the sanction of their superiors
Review Of Techniques For Optimizing Multiple Quality Characteristics In Product Development
For a manufacturing organization to compete effectively in the global marketplace, a strong product development process is essential. An important ingredient in the product development process is the identification and subsequent optimization of those product characteristics which denote quality. Relying upon inspection and testing to ensure product quality is inefficient and expensive. Rather, quality should be built into the design of the product. Consequently, product quality characteristics must be optimized during the product development process. Typically, there are several product quality characteristics which are important indicators of quality, and one or more of the quality characteristics may require optimization of both mean and variance. This paper describes the application of the methodologies available for optimization of quality characteristics in product development: Taguchi\u27s Methods, mathematical programming, and response surface methodology. The utilization of each technique for optimization of a single quality characteristic and for optimization of both the mean and variance of multiple quality characteristics is described
Structuring a simulation modeling environment using a commercial manufacturing simulator
The objective of this paper is to describe a new structure which is being used for the development of a simulation modeling environment (SME) for industrialized housing. The structure is centered around a commercial manufacturing simulator which is closely coupled with a relational data base management system (RDBMS). The paper presents an overview of previous SME research, describes the new SME structure and, finally, presents findings from on-going SME development efforts
Axiomatic based decomposition for conceptual product design
This paper describes a structured methodology for decomposing the conceptual design problem in order to facilitate the design process and result in improved conceptual designs that better satisfy the original customer requirements. The axiomatic decomposition for conceptual design method combines Alexander's network partitioning formulation of the design problem with Suh's Independence Axiom. The axiomatic decomposition method uses a cross-domain approach in a House of Quality context to estimate the interactions among the functional requirements that are derived from a qualitative assessment of customer requirements. These interactions are used in several objective functions that serve as criteria for decomposing the design network. A new network partitioning algorithm is effective in creating partitions that maximize the within-partition interactions and minimize the between-partition interactions with appropriate weightings. The viability, usability, and value of the axiomatic decomposition method were examined through analytic comparisons and qualitative assessments of its application. The new method was examined using students in engineering design capstone courses and it was found to be useable and did produce better product designs that met the customer requirements. The student-based assessment revealed that the process would be more effective with individuals having design experience. In a subsequent assessment with practicing industrial designers, it was found that the new method did facilitate the development of better designs. An important observation was the need for limits on partition size (maximum of four functional requirements.) Another issue identified for future research was the need for a means to identify the appropriate starting partition for initiating the design
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