729 research outputs found
Muon anomalous magnetic moment due to the brane-stretching effect
We investigate the contribution of extra dimensions to the muon anomalous
magnetic moment by using an ADD-type 6-dimensional model. This approach
analyzes the extent of the influence of classical brane fluctuations on the
magnetic moment. When we consider that the brane fluctuations are static in
time, they add new potential terms to the Schr{\"o}dinger equation through the
induced vierbein. This paper shows that the brane fluctuation is responsible
for the brane-stretching effect. This effect would be capable of reproducing
the appropriate order for recent Brookhaven National Laboratory measurements of
the muon (g-2) deviation.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figure, minor changed, accepted for Phys. Rev.
Gauss-Bonnet gravity, brane world models, and non-minimal coupling
We study the case of brane world models with an additional Gauss-Bonnet term
in the presence of a bulk scalar field which interacts non-minimally with
gravity, via a possible interaction term of the form . The
Einstein equations and the junction conditions on the brane are formulated, in
the case of the bulk scalar field. Static solutions of this model are obtained
by solving numerically the Einstein equations with the appropriate boundary
conditions on the brane. Finally, we present graphically and comment these
solutions for several values of the free parameters of the model.Comment: 13 pages,4 figures, published versio
Gravitational Localization of Matters in 6D
We present a new 3-brane solution to Einstein's equations in (1+5)-spacetime
with a negative bulk cosmological constant. This solution is a stringlike
defect solution with decreasing scale function approaching a finite non-zero
value in the radial infinity. It is shown that all local fields are localized
on the brane only through the gravitational interaction.Comment: 7 pages; added reference
Matter localization and resonant deconfinement in a two-sheeted spacetime
In recent papers, a model of a two-sheeted spacetime M4XZ2 was introduced and
the quantum dynamics of massive fermions was studied in this framework. In the
present study, we show that the physical predictions of the model are perfectly
consistent with observations and most important, it can solve the puzzling
problem of the four-dimensional localization of the fermion species in
multidimensional spacetimes. It is demonstrated that fermion localization on
the sheets arises from the combination of the discrete bulk structure and
environmental interactions. The mechanism described in this paper can be seen
as an alternative to the domain wall localization arising in continuous five
dimensional spacetimes. Although tightly constrained, motions between the
sheets are, however, not completely prohibited. As an illustration, a resonant
mechanism through which fermion oscillations between the sheets might occur is
described.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure. Published version. Accepted for publication in
Int. J. of Modern Physics
Graviton localization and Newton's law for brane models with a non-minimally coupled bulk scalar field
Brane world models with a non-minimally coupled bulk scalar field have been
studied recently. In this paper we consider metric fluctuations around an
arbitrary gravity-scalar background solution, and we show that the
corresponding spectrum includes a localized zero mode which strongly depends on
the profile of the background scalar field. For a special class of solutions,
with a warp factor of the RS form, we solve the linearized Einstein equations,
for a point-like mass source on the brane, by using the brane bending
formalism. We see that general relativity on the brane is recovered only if we
impose restrictions on the parameter space of the models under consideration.Comment: 17 pages, revised versio
Cross-participant modelling based on joint or disjoint feature selection: an fMRI conceptual decoding study
Multivariate classification techniques have proven to be powerful tools for distinguishing experimental conditions in single sessions of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. But they are vulnerable to a considerable penalty in classification accuracy when applied across sessions or participants, calling into question the degree to which fine-grained encodings are shared across subjects. Here, we introduce joint learning techniques, where feature selection is carried out using a held-out subset of a target dataset, before training a linear classifier on a source dataset. Single trials of functional MRI data from a covert property generation task are classified with regularized regression techniques to predict the semantic class of stimuli. With our selection techniques (joint ranking feature selection (JRFS) and disjoint feature selection (DJFS)), classification performance during cross-session prediction improved greatly, relative to feature selection on the source session data only. Compared with JRFS, DJFS showed significant improvements for cross-participant classification. And when using a groupwise training, DJFS approached the accuracies seen for prediction across different sessions from the same participant. Comparing several feature selection strategies, we found that a simple univariate ANOVA selection technique or a minimal searchlight (one voxel in size) is appropriate, compared with larger searchlights
Non-topological gravitating defects in five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space
A class of five-dimensional warped solutions is presented. The geometry is
everywhere regular and tends to five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space for large
absolute values of the bulk coordinate. The physical features of the solutions
change depending on the value of an integer parameter. In particular, a set of
solutions describes generalized gravitating kinks where the scalar field
interpolates between two different minima of the potential. The other category
of solutions describes instead gravitating defects where the scalar profile is
always finite and reaches the same constant asymptote both for positive and
negative values of the bulk coordinate. In this sense the profiles are
non-topological. The physical features of the zero modes are discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Metastable gravity on classical defects
We discuss the realization of metastable gravity on classical defects in
infinite-volume extra dimensions. In dilatonic Einstein gravity, it is found
that the existence of metastable gravity on the defect core requires violation
of the Dominant Energy Condition for codimension Nc = 2 defects. This is
illustrated with a detailed analysis of a six-dimensional hyperstring minimally
coupled to dilaton gravity. We present the general conditions under which a
codimension Nc > 2 defect admits metastable modes, and find that they differ
from lower codimensional models in that, under certain conditions, they do not
require violation of energy conditions to support quasi-localized gravity.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, uses RevTeX, typos corrected, matches published
versio
Generalized Chaplygin gas as geometrical dark energy
The generalized Chaplygin gas provides an interesting candidate for the
present accelerated expansion of the universe. We explore a geometrical
explanation for the generalized Chaplygin gas within the context of brane world
theories where matter fields are confined to the brane by means of the action
of a confining potential. We obtain the modified Friedmann equations,
deceleration parameter and age of the universe in this scenario and show that
they are consistent with the present observational data.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, to appear in PR
Chaplygin gas dominated anisotropic brane world cosmological models
We present exact solutions of the gravitational field equations in the
generalized Randall-Sundrum model for an anisotropic brane with Bianchi type I
geometry, with a generalized Chaplygin gas as matter source. The generalized
Chaplygin gas, which interpolates between a high density relativistic era and a
non-relativistic matter phase, is a popular dark energy candidate. For a
Bianchi type I space-time brane filled with a cosmological fluid obeying the
generalized Chaplygin equation of state the general solution of the
gravitational field equations can be expressed in an exact parametric form,
with the comoving volume taken as parameter. In the limiting cases of a stiff
cosmological fluid, with pressure equal to the energy density, and for a
pressureless fluid, the solution of the field equations can be expressed in an
exact analytical form. The evolution of the scalar field associated to the
Chaplygin fluid is also considered and the corresponding potential is obtained.
The behavior of the observationally important parameters like shear, anisotropy
and deceleration parameter is considered in detail.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in PR
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