Towards exotic nuclei via binary reaction mechanism

Assuming a binary reaction mechanism, the yield of isotopes near the heaviest $N=Z$ neutron-deficit nucleus $^{100}$Sn is studied with a microscopic transport model. The large influence of nuclear shell structure and isotope composition of the colliding nuclei on the production of exotic nuclei is demonstrated. It is shown that the reaction $^{54}$Fe+$^{106}$Cd seems to be most favourable for producing primary exotic Sn isotopes which may survive if the excitation energy in the entrance reaction channel is less than about 100 MeV. In the case of large differences in the charge (mass) numbers between entrance and exit channels the light fragment yield is essentially fed from the decay of excited primary heavier fragments. The existence of optimal energies for the production of some oxygen isotopes in the binary mechanism is demonstrated for the $^{32}$S+$^{197}$Au reaction.Comment: 17 pages, RevTex, 8 Postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

The effect of cutting temperature on hole quality when drilling CFRP/metal stack

The carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) are widely used in stacks with metals. That allows obtaining components with high strength and reduces weight. Holes’ drilling is a basic operation of CFRP/metal and metal/CFRP stacks machining. The most common problems of CFRP/metal stacks drilling are CFRP delamination, fiber pull – out, thermal degradation and low quality of hole surface. In this study the effect of cut ting temperature on the hole quality was provided. It was experimentally established that drilling of CFRP/metal stack was accompanied with a significant change of cutting temperature in the cutting zone during the transition of drill from CFRP to metal plate.Волокнисті полімерні композиційні матеріали (вуглепластики) широко використовуються в пакетах з металами. Це дозволяє отримати компоненти з високою міцністю, разом з тим забезпечивши зниження ваги. Свердління отворів є основною механічною операцією при обробці пакетів вуглепластик / метал і метал / вуглепластика. Найбільш поширені проблеми механічної обробки пакетів вуглепластик / метал є розшарування вуглепластика, витягування волокон, термічна деструкція і низька якість поверхні отвори. У статті представлено дослідження впливу дію температури різання на якість отворів. Експериментально було встановлено, що свердління пакета вуглепластик / сталь супроводжувався істотною зміною температури різання в зоні різання при переході свердла з вуглепластика до металевої пластини

Effects of nuclear deformation and neutron transfer in capture process, and origin of fusion hindrance at deep sub-barrier energies

The roles of nuclear deformation and neutron transfer in sub-barrier capture process are studied within the quantum diffusion approach. The change of the deformations of colliding nuclei with neutron exchange can crucially influence the sub-barrier fusion. The comparison of the calculated capture cross section and the measured fusion cross section in various reactions at extreme sub- barrier energies gives us information about the fusion and quasifission.Comment: 11 pages, 19 figures, submitted to Phys.Rev.

Explicit pionic degrees of freedom in deuteron photodisintegration in the Delta-resonance region

Photodisintegration of the deuteron above pi-threshold is studied in a coupled channel approach including N-Delta- and pi-d-channels with pion retardation in potentials and exchange currents.Comment: 5 pages latex including 6 postscript figures, talk at the 15th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Groningen, Netherlands, 22-26 July 1997. To be published in Nucl. Phys.

Cluster Interpretation of Properties of Alternating Parity Bands in Heavy Nuclei

The properties of the states of the alternating parity bands in actinides, Ba, Ce and Nd isotopes are analyzed within a cluster model. The model is based on the assumption that cluster type shapes are produced by the collective motion of the nuclear system in the mass asymmetry coordinate. The calculated spin dependences of the parity splitting and of the electric multipole transition moments are in agreement with the experimental data.Comment: 29 pages, 10 figure

Peculiarities of sub-barrier fusion with quantum diffusion approach

With the quantum diffusion approach the unexpected behavior of fusion cross section, angular momentum, and astrophysical S-factor at sub-barrier energies has been revealed. Out of the region of short-range nuclear interaction and action of friction at turning point the decrease rate of the cross section under the barrier becomes smaller. The calculated results for the reactions with spherical nuclei are in a good agreement with the existing experimental data.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Quand les patients enseignent l’empathie aux étudiants : une revue systématique des interventions visant à promouvoir l’empathie chez les étudiants en médecine

Background: Despite growing emphasis on empathic care, numerous studies demonstrate diminishing empathy in medical students. Involving patient educators in medical curricula may be a solution. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate patient-involved interventions that promote empathy among medical students.  Method: A literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and ERIC databases was performed using the keywords “empathy,” “medical student,” and their synonyms. Results were independently screened in duplicate. Conflicts were resolved by group consensus. All English studies describing interventions that promote empathy in medical students engaging patient educators were included. Relevant data was extracted and summarized. Results: 1467 studies were screened. 14 studies were included, of which 10 were pilot studies. Studies included patient involved interventions such as storytelling (5/14), shadowing patients (3/14), recorded videos (3/14), or combinations of methods (3/14). Qualitative measurements of empathy included written feedback and group discussions. Quantitative measurements included validated scales measuring empathy. All studies demonstrated increase in empathy among medical students. Participants reported satisfaction with training and patients reported being proud of giving back by training future physicians. Conclusion: Interventions engaging patient educators were shown to have a positive impact on medical student empathy. Furthermore, patient-led education was shown to increase medical student understanding of subject and knowledge retention while empowering patients. Further implementation of patient-involved education is an important step forward in patient-partnered care and may identify additional advantages of patient engagement in medical education.Contexte : Malgré l’importance grandissante accordée à l’empathie dans les soins de santé, de nombreuses études démontrent une diminution de l’empathie chez les étudiants en médecine. La participation de patients éducateurs dans les programmes d’études médicales pourrait être une solution. Nous avons donc réalisé une revue systématique pour évaluer les interventions qui visent à promouvoir l’empathie chez les étudiants et qui font participer des patients. Méthode : Nous avons effectué une recherche dans les bases de données MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO et ERIC en utilisant les mots-clés « empathie », « étudiant en médecine » et leurs synonymes. Les résultats ont été examinés de manière indépendante et en double. Les conflits ont été résolus par consensus de groupe. Toutes les études en anglais décrivant des interventions visant à promouvoir l’empathie chez les étudiants en médecine avec la participation de patients éducateurs ont été incluses. Les données pertinentes ont été extraites et résumées. Résultats : Des 1467 études examinées, 14 ont été incluses, dont 10 études pilotes. Les interventions avec des patients mentionnées dans les études comprenaient des récits (5/14), l’observation des patients (3/14), des vidéos enregistrées (3/14) ou des combinaisons de méthodes (3/14). Les mesures qualitatives de l’empathie comprenaient des commentaires écrits et des discussions de groupe. Les mesures quantitatives étaient des échelles validées mesurant l’empathie. Toutes les études indiquent une augmentation de l’empathie chez les étudiants en médecine. Les participants se disent satisfaits de la formation et les patients déclarent être fiers de redonner aux soignants en contribuant à former les futurs médecins. Conclusion : Les interventions faisant appel à des patients éducateurs ont eu un effet positif sur le développement de l’empathie des étudiants en médecine. En outre, il a été démontré que la participation de patients dans la formation augmentait la compréhension du sujet et la rétention des connaissances par les étudiants en médecine tout en responsabilisant les patients. La généralisation de l’intervention des patients dans l’éducation constitue une avancée importante dans les soins en partenariat avec le patient et pourrait révéler d’autres avantages de la participation des patients dans l’éducation médicale

Multi-step particle emission probabilities in superheavy nuclei at moderate excitation energies

The probabilities of $xn$-, $pxn$-, and $\alpha xn$-evaporation channels in excited superheavy nuclei were evaluated using the Monte Carlo method. The calculations utilized microscopically determined nuclear level densities and were compared with results obtained from the phenomenological Jackson formula. Effective temperatures derived from the microscopic approach were incorporated into the Jackson formula for different evaporation channels at low and moderate excitation energies. Additionally, an analytical formula was introduced to estimate the average kinetic energy of emitted particles in multi-step processes.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure