1,073 research outputs found
Dissipative Processes in the Early Universe: Bulk Viscosity
In this talk, we discuss one of the dissipative processes which likely take
place in the Early Universe. We assume that the matter filling the isotropic
and homogeneous background is to be described by a relativistic viscous fluid
characterized by an ultra-relativistic equation of state and finite bulk
viscosity deduced from recent lattice QCD calculations and heavy-ion collisions
experiments. We concentrate our treatment to bulk viscosity as one of the
essential dissipative processes in the rapidly expanding Early Universe and
deduce the dependence of the scale factor and Hubble parameter on the comoving
time . We find that both scale factor and Hubble parameter are finite at
, revering to absence of singularity. We also find that their evolution
apparently differs from the one resulting in when assuming that the background
matter is an ideal and non-viscous fluid.Comment: 8 pages, 2 eps figure, Invited talk given at the 7th international
conference on "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", 22-25 September 2009,
Tashkent-Uzbekista
Detection of trend changes in time series using Bayesian inference
Change points in time series are perceived as isolated singularities where
two regular trends of a given signal do not match. The detection of such
transitions is of fundamental interest for the understanding of the system's
internal dynamics. In practice observational noise makes it difficult to detect
such change points in time series. In this work we elaborate a Bayesian method
to estimate the location of the singularities and to produce some confidence
intervals. We validate the ability and sensitivity of our inference method by
estimating change points of synthetic data sets. As an application we use our
algorithm to analyze the annual flow volume of the Nile River at Aswan from
1871 to 1970, where we confirm a well-established significant transition point
within the time series.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures, submitte
Effectiveness of Green Roofs and Green Walls on Energy Consumption and Indoor Comfort in Arid Climates
Increased urbanization have many negative effects on human well-being, city infrastructure, electricity usage and the increase of indoor temperatures. A solution may be to retrofit existing buildings, with implementing a vegetated layer to roofs and walls, this may enhance building performance, reduce consumption and improve indoor comfort. Cities with tall buildings may be more adequate to implement a green-wall as it have more area to make impact. This paper examines the energy reduction advantages of adding greenery on buildings in the hot arid climate of Egypt by considering three typical types of residential buildings in the city of Cairo as a case study. Designbuilder software was selected to stimulate the buildings chosen in this research. The results shows that an extensive soil thickness of 15cm performs better in the arid climates. electricity consumption for the base case is 52 kWh/m2 annually when used a traditional external envelop and dropped to 43 kWh/m2 when a vegetated layer added to the whole building (roof & wall), annual electricity consumption reduced by 17% to 25% per annum when added a vegetated layer. In addition to enhancing the indoor thermal comfort by 3 PMV values and indoor air temperature by 5°C
Study of fluid displacement in 3D porous media with an improved multi-component pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann method
We generalize to three dimensions (3D) a recently developed improved
multi-component pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann method and analyze its
applicability to simulate flows through realistic porous media. The model is
validated and characterized via benchmarks, and we investigate its performance
by simulating the displacement of immiscible fluids in 3D geometries. Two
samples are considered, namely, a pack of spheres obtained numerically, and a
Bentheimer sandstone rock sample obtained experimentally. We show that, with
this model it is possible to simulate realistic viscosity ratios, to tune
surface tension independently and, most importantly, to preserve the volume of
trapped fluid. We also evaluate the computational performance of the model on
the Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) and mention the implemented optimizations
to increase the computational speed and reduce the memory requirements.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2111.0866
Organic Amino Acids Chelates; Preparation, Spectroscopic Characterization and Applications as Foliar Fertilizers
Cu(II) complexes of amino acid hydrolyzate soya protein isolate have been prepared. In order to study the mode of coordination in the above chelates and their effect as foliar fertilizer, Mn(II), Co(II), Nil(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes of  L-mino acids have been prepared and characterized by elemental and spectral analyses,( IR, UV-VIS, mass spectra and ESR), electrical conductance, magnetic moments and thermal analyses (DTA and TGA). ESR spectra of copper (II) complexes show isotropic and anisotropic types d(x2-y2) with covalent bond character. The amino acids chelates were evaluated as foliar fertilizer by treating plants with micronutrient, amino acid solutions and varying concentrations of micronutrient amino acids chelats. It was found that spraying plant with 2.5% micronutrient amino acids chelats gives the best results regarding: plant height, stem diameter, leaves area, number of flowers, number of branches per plants and total yield per plant
Statistical Mechanics of Learning: A Variational Approach for Real Data
Using a variational technique, we generalize the statistical physics approach
of learning from random examples to make it applicable to real data. We
demonstrate the validity and relevance of our method by computing approximate
estimators for generalization errors that are based on training data alone.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
On the uniqueness of the surface sources of evoked potentials
The uniqueness of a surface density of sources localized inside a spatial
region and producing a given electric potential distribution in its
boundary is revisited. The situation in which is filled with various
metallic subregions, each one having a definite constant value for the electric
conductivity is considered. It is argued that the knowledge of the potential in
all fully determines the surface density of sources over a wide class of
surfaces supporting them. The class can be defined as a union of an arbitrary
but finite number of open or closed surfaces. The only restriction upon them is
that no one of the closed surfaces contains inside it another (nesting) of the
closed or open surfaces.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure
Structural, Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Co-Doped Barium Monoferrite BaFe2O4
Cobalt-substituted barium monoferrite with theformula BaCoxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.0 – 0.4, step 0.1) has been preparedthrough the sol-gel autocombustion method. Phase purity forprepared samples sintered at 700 and 1050 ̊C was analyzed byX-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns that indicated the formationof the typical orthorhombic phase for the samples. Fouriertransforminfrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to investigatethe effect of cobalt doping on the vibrational modes of thestudied samples. Scherrer and Williamson-Hall formulae wereused to define the microstrian and the crystallite size being inthe range of 44.1 to 59.7 nm, which was further confirmed withtransmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Magneticcharacteristics including magnetic saturation and coercivitywere obtained from hysteresis loops traced using vibratingsample magnetometry (VSM). Magnetic properties werecorrelated with the composition of the prepared samples.Finally, dielectric measurements were operated to furtherconfirm the structural and magnetic analysis
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