DEVELOPMENT OF A TRAINABLE MODULE BASED ON THE METHOD OF NEURAL NETWORKS FOR IMAGE RECOGNITION OF BIOLOGICAL MEDIA BY A TRAINABLE DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM

An information module of non-invasive trainable diagnostic systems was developed and investigated to control the state of physiological systems of the body. The principal compo-nent analysis was chosen for use in the information module when analyzing the response to the functional load

EXPRESS ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF DAIRY PRODUCTS USING INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY METHODS

An advanced spectrum analyzer was developed to solve the problem of express quality assessment of dairy products. Machine learning methods were used to process the results. The result of processing was a digital image of the sample and a graph in the space of principal components

APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING METHODS TO ASSESS THE IONIC COMPOSITION OF INDUSTRIAL DAIRY PRODUCTS

The paper considers the possibility of improving FoodTech-market technologies by developing and implementing methods of intelligent analysis of dairy products

DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SEROLOGICAL MARKERS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a classic autoimmune disease associated with the production of wide range of autoantibodies, and their detection has diagnostic and prognostic implication. The objective of this study was to estimate the diagnostic value of antibodies against modified citrullinated vimentin (AMCV) and nuclear antigen RA33 of the IgA rheumatoid factor (RF) versus the value of routinely used profile of autoantibodies in diagnostic work-up of RA. Material and methods. 253 patients with RA prehistory of varying duration were included into the study group. The control group was comprised of 92 patients, including patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathies and diffuse connective tissue diseases, as well as sex and age matched healthy controls. Serum levels of IgM and IgA RF, antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP), ACMV, anti-keratin antibodies (AKA), antibodies against RA33 antigen (ARA33) and antinuclear factor (ANF) were measured in all patients and controls. Results and discussion. Diagnostic sensitivity of AMCV equaled 78%, ACCP — 77%, IgM RF — 71%, IgA RF — 43%, AKA — 43%, ARA33 — 31% and ANF — 31%. All anti-citrullinic antibodies (AKA, ACCP, ACMV) were significantly more commonly associated with IgM RF. Among RF and ACCP seronegative patients ACMV were found in 24% cases with 20 IU/Ml detection threshold, and in 21% — with 30 IU/Ml, allowing to increase diagnostic specificity of the test up to 91% with the increment of diagnostic threshold. Incidence of ARA33 was not significantly different among the RF and ACCP positive or negative subgroups, thus making ARA33 an independent RA marker. Specificity of this marker was 87,9%, thus making it inferior to RF and ACCP by a composite of diagnostic characteristics. Conclusions. Integrated measurement of ACMV and ARA33 is a rational approach at the second stage of serologic testing work-up in suspected cases of RA onset, when initial RF and ACCP tests were negative

Detection of Apoptosis in Cancer Cells Using Heat Shock Protein 70 and p53 Antibody Conjugated Quantum Dot Nanoparticles

Clinical experience indicates that enhanced level of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and p53 correlates with poor prognosis due to malignant cell overexpression of these proteins in tumor progression. Cadmium selenide quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized in aqueous solution using mercaptopropionic acid and L-cysteine (L-Cys) as ligands. They were conjugated with a monoclonal antibody (Ab) to p53 and cmHp70.1 to Hsp70 for detection of cancer cell apoptosis that was demonstrated in the experiment by fluorescent confocal microscopy both for breast carcinoma cells and for thyroid tissue. It is shown that in comparison with organic dyes, quantum dots have superior photostability of tracking apoptosis in cancer cells for longer time

Молекулярная диагностика онкологических заболеваний: перспективы разработки стандартного образца содержания гена HER2

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. The development of oncopathology is closely related to various changes in the genetic material that occur in malignantly transformed cells. Medical decision-making requires a clear differentiation between normal and pathological indicators, which are, among other things, the results of application of quantitative methods in laboratory medicine. Studies of DNA isolated from a patient’s biological material, identification and measurement of the content of nucleotide sequences acting as oncopathology biomarkers allow to solve the problems of determining the genetic prerequisites for cancer, its early diagnosis, determining the treatment strategy, monitoring, and confirming the patient’s cure.The purpose of this research is to develop the main approaches to the design of DNA reference materials (RMs) for metrological support of molecular diagnostics of oncopathology through the example of the RM for the HER2 gene sequence content in the human genome, with the value of «the number of copies of the DNA sequence» which is metrologically traceable to the natural SI unit «one».In the course of the research, a technique for measuring the HER2 gene amplification (the number of copies of the gene sequence per genome) was developed based on the use of the digital PCR method (dPCR). Comparability of measurement results for the method developed by the authors, and the results obtained using a commercial kit by the MLPA method on samples of human biological material is shown.Five permanent cell lines obtained from the CUC «Vertebrate Cell Culture Collection» were characterized in relation to the copy number ratios of HER2 gene sequence and CEP17 and RPPH1 genes sequences. A cell line with the HER2 gene amplification was identified. The results obtained will be used to create the RM for the copy number ratio of the HER2 gene sequences and the RPPH1 and CEP17 gene sequences. Creation of matrix DNA RMs based on human cell cultures certified using dPCR will allow transferring the unit of copy numbers of the DNA sequence to calibrators included in medical devices, thereby ensuring the required reliability and comparability of measurement results in the laboratory diagnostics of oncopathology, as well as the possibility of calibrating routine methods of DNA diagnostics and intralaboratory quality control.Онкологические заболевания являются основной причиной смертности в мире. Развитие онкопатологий тесно связано с различными изменениями генетического материала, возникающими в злокачественно трансформированных клетках. Принятие медицинских решений требует четкой дифференциации нормальных и патологических показателей, являющихся в том числе результатами применения количественных методов в лабораторной медицине. Исследования ДНК, выделенной из биологического материала пациента, выявление и измерения содержания последовательностей нуклеотидов, выступающих в роли биомаркеров онкопатологий, позволяют решать задачи определения генетических предпосылок развития рака, его диагностики на ранней стадии, определения стратегии лечения, его мониторинга, подтверждения излечения пациента.Целью данного исследования является выработка основных подходов к созданию стандартных образцов (СО) ДНК для метрологического обеспечения молекулярной диагностики онкопатологий на примере СО содержания последовательности гена HER2 в составе генома человека, значение величины «число копий последовательности ДНК» которого метрологически прослеживается к естественной единице SI «один».В ходе исследования разработана методика выполнения измерений копийности (числа копий последовательности гена на геном) гена HER2, основанная на применении метода цифровой ПЦР (цПЦР). Показана сходимость результатов измерений для разработанной авторами методики и результатов, полученных с использованием коммерческого набора, использующего метод MLPA на образцах биологического материала человека.Охарактеризованы пять постоянных клеточных линий из ЦКП «Коллекция культур клеток позвоночных» по отношению числа копий последовательностей гена HER2 и генов CEP17 и RPPH1. Выявлена клеточная линия с повышенной копийностью гена HER2. Полученные результаты будут использованы при создании СО отношения числа копий последовательностей гена HER2 и генов RPPH1 и CEP17. Создание матричных СО ДНК на основе культур клеток человека, аттестованных с применением цПЦР, позволит передавать единицу величины числа копий последовательности ДНК калибраторам, входящим в состав медицинских изделий, обеспечивая тем самым требуемую достоверность и сопоставимость результатов измерений в лабораторной диагностике онкопатологий, а также возможность калибровки рутинных методик ДНК-диагностики и внутрилабораторного контроля качества

IMMUNOMETRIC ASSAY TO DETERMINE FREE LIGHT CHAIN CONCENTRATIONS OF HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULINS

Detection of total free light chains (FLC) of immunoglobulins and their ratio (kappa/lambda quotient) are used in diagnostics and monitoring of multiple myeloma and other gammapathies, primary amyloidosis and multiple sclerosis. Previously described immunoassays with monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against cryptic and constantly exposed epitopes of FLC failed to recognize rare variants of lambda Bence-Jones proteins and a significant proportion of lambda chains excreted with urine. Aiming to improve this approach, a novel murine Mab (IgG2b coded as 1C8) was employed, which specifically binds free lambda chains but doesn’t interact with native IgA, IgG, and IgM. The novel Mab recognized an epitope exposed at free lambda chains in peripheral blood of healthy donors and patients with multiple myeloma. It is not destroyed or masked upon renal filtration.The aim of this study was to determine basic features of improved assay system, and to estimate its potential in diagnostics of monoclonal gammapathies. The mixtures of three Bence-Jones proteins of either kappa- or lambda- types purified from the urine of multiple myeloma patients were used as calibrator samples.Improved immunometric assay is able to detect free kappa and lambda chains in serum and urine at a scale of 1 to 100 ng/ml, thus being three orders more sensitive than, e.g., detection levels of Freelite method based on polyclonal antibodies.A novel assay allows to detect free kappa and lambda chains at comparable levels in serum or urine, and to deduce kappa/lambda ratio. The proposed assay is able to detect FLC in 10,000-fold excess of whole IgG molecules. The calibrating plots for both antigens are linear on log-log scales, with very similar slopes. Detection thresholds for kappa or lambda chains proved to be 5 and 3 ng/ml, respectively. Mean concentrations of free kappa chains in sera of healthy donors were 6.7±2.1, in urine, 4.2±3.8 mcg/ml. Mean concentrations of free lambda chains were 4.7±1.96, and 1.6±1.0 mcg/ml, respectively. This method, if applied to serum and urine samples from multiple myeloma patients, revealed free light chains were similar to the paraproteins detected by means of electrophoresis/immunofixation. The values of kappa/lambda ratios corresponded to the types of gammapathies revealed