Ultrasound diagnosis of iliac lymph node metastases in cancer of the cervix uteri

The Outpatient Ultrasound Diagnosis Group, Research Consulting Department, N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, studied the results of an examination in 93 patients with the verified diagnosis of cancer of the cervix uteri (CCU). To specify the extent of a tumor process, a comprehensive ultrasound examination was made in all the patients with verified CCU during their first visit. Our findings were statistically processed. According to our findings, ultrasound computed tomography is a highly informative method to diagnose retroperitoneal lymph node (LN) metastases, which defines the shape, sizes, structure, location, and number of metastatic LNs. Iliac LNs with reactive changes were detected in 24.7 % of CCU cases. No ultrasound signs of iliac LN metastatic involvement were found in 4.3 % of cases in the presence of CCU micrometastases. The number of metastatic regional LNs was validly proven to increase with larger tumor sizes. The threshold values of cervicaltumors were determined, which may presume the presence or absence of iliac LN metastases to have a rather high sensitivity and specificity. The risk of LN metastatic involvement was validly proven to be 4.1-fold higher with greater two or more threshold values of a cervical tumor

PLACE OF ECHOGRAPHY IN SPECIFYING APPROACHES TO TREATING OVARIAN CANCER

The results of ultrasound study and surgical treatment in 248 patients aged 20 to 78 years who had ovarian epithelial malignancies were the subject of this investigation that has provided evidence that ultrasonic tomography is currently the leading imaging technique that allows specification of the ovarian cancer spread pattern and, depending on this, elaboration of adequate treatment policy

Анализ эхографических признаков опухолей яичников

Purpose: analysis of echographic signs of benign and malignant formations of the uterine appendages using the recommendations of the IOTA group.Materials and methods. 17 articles published in the journal Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology for 2007–2020 were analyzed. Each article is devoted to the histologically verified pathology of the uterine appendages, of which 431 are benign and 1205 are malignant neoplasms. When describing pathological formations, the re-searchers used a single protocol recommended by the IOTA group. 21 parameters were assessed, including the morphology of the formation, the structure of fluid inclusions and solid component, the presence of fluid in the posterior uterine pocket and ascites, as well as the degree of tumor vascularization.Results. Аll ultrasound signs of tumors were found in both groups, but the frequency of their occurrence was different. Thus, unilocular neoplasms were more often detected in benign tumors than in malignant ones (p = 0.05). Also, acoustic shadows were found significantly more frequently in benign tumors (p < 0.05). When assessing tumor morphology, attention should be paid to tendencies that are more characteristic of malignant tumors, which include a solid structure (p = 0.13) and the occurrence of ascites (p = 0.13), while a multilocular structure without a solid component was more common in benign (p = 0.10). The size of the neoplasm, uneven contour, papillary growths, hyperechoic inclusions and the nature of the internal contents of the cystic cavities are found with approximately the same frequency in both groups. When as-sessing the blood supply to a pathological formation, hypervascularization confidently indicated a malignant tumor (p < 0.05), while avascularization in such neoplasms was rare, however, the differences with benign ones were insignificant (p = 0.06).Conclusions. There are no reliable echographic signs of the nature of the neo-plasm. The set of criteria will improve the quality of preoperative ultrasound diagnostics of ovarian tumors.Цель исследования: анализ эхографических признаков доброкачественных и злокачественных образований придатков матки с применением рекомендаций группы IOTA.Материал и методы. Проанализированы 17 статей, опубликованных в журнале Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology за 2007–2020 гг. Каждая статья посвящена анализу ультразвукового изображения различной гистологически верифицированной патологии придатков матки, где 431 – доброкачественные и 1205 – злокачественные новообразования. При описании патологических образований исследователи исполь зовали единый протокол, рекомендованный группой IOTA. Оценивали 21 параметр, включающий ультразвуковое строение образования, структуру жидкостных включений и солидного компонента, наличие жидкости в позадиматочном пространстве и асцит, а также степень васкуляризации опухоли.Результаты. Все ультразвуковые признаки опухолей были обнаружены в обеих группах, но частота их встречаемости оказалась различной. Так, однокамерные новообразования чаще выявлены в доброкачественных опухолях, чем в злокачественных (p = 0,05). Также в доброкачественных опухолях достоверно чаще встречались акустические тени (р < 0,05). При оценке ультразвукового строения опухоли следует обратить внимание на тенденции, более характерные для злокачественных опухолей, к которым необходимо отнести солидное строение (р = 0,13) и возникновение асцита (р = 0,13), в то время как многокамерность без солидного компонента чаще встречалась в доброкачественных (р = 0,10). Размеры новообразования, неровный контур, папиллярные разрастания, гиперэхогенные включения и характер внутреннего содержимого кистозных полостей обнаруживаются примерно с одинаковой частотой в обеих группах. При оценке кровоснабжения патологического образования гиперваскуляризация может указывать на злокачественную природу опухоли (р < 0,05), вместе с тем аваскуляризация также была отмечена в подобных новообразованиях, при этом различия с доброкачественными были недостоверными (p = 0,06).Заключение. Достоверные эхографические признаки, определяющие особенности морфологического типа ново образования, отсутствуют. Совокупность критериев позволит повысить качество дооперационной ультразвуковой диагностики опухолей яичников

Ультразвуковые признаки опухолей яичников по стандартизованному протоколу

Objective: to identify the characteristic echographic features of benign ovarian tumors using the recommendations of the IOTA group.Materials and methods. Five articles published in the journal Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology for 2008–2019 were analyzed. Each article is devoted to a histologically verified pathology of the ovaries, representing four morphological variants of an ovarian tumor (strum, fibroma/fibrothecoma, uroepithelial tumor (Brenner's tumor) and cystadenofibroma, as well as endometrioma in pregnancy. The total number was 380 women. When describing pathological formations, the researchers used a single protocol recommended by the IOTA group. Evaluated twentyone parameters, including the morphology of the formation, the structure of fluid inclusions and the solid component, the presence of fluid in the retrouterine space and ascites, as well as the degree of tumor vascularization.Results. The analysis of the struma, fibroma (fibrothecoma), Brenner tumor, cystadenofibroma and endometrioma of pregnant women indicates that there are no reliable criteria for diagnosing the histological structure of the tumor, both by the age of the patients, the size of the formation, and by ultrasound signs. Hyperechoic inclusions, which are noted only in Brenner tumors, both benign and malignant, can serve as the only marker among the pathology under consideration. In the study of the listed benign neoplasms of the ovaries, no features of the blood supply were revealed. All neoplasms had vascularization from the complete absence of vessels (1 point) to their moderate number (3 points). Hypervascularization (4 points) occurred in struma, fibroma (fibrotecoma), and cystadenofibroma.Conclusions. The task of ultrasound examination is the timely detection of an ovarian tumor with a presumptive conclusion of the probability of malignancy, based on standardized protocols of the IOTA group, which is important for the correct routing of the patient. Цель исследования: выявить характерные эхографические признаки доброкачественных опухолей яичников с применением рекомендаций группы IOTA.Материал и методы. Проанализированы 5 статей, опубликованных в журнале Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology за 2008–2019 гг. Каждая статья посвящена гистологически верифицированной патологии яичников, представляющих 4 морфологических варианта опухоли яичников: струма, фиброма/фибротекома, уроэпителиальная опухоль (опухоль Бреннера) и цистаденофиброма, а также эндометриоидная киста при беременности. Общее количество составило 380 женщин. При описании патологических образований исследователи использовали единый протокол, рекомендованный группой IOTA. Оценивался 21 параметр, включающий морфологию образования, структуру жидкостных включений и солидного компонента, наличие жидкости в позадиматочном пространстве и асцит, а также степень васкуляризации опухоли.Результаты. Проведенный анализ струмы, фибромы (фибротекомы), опухоли Бреннера, цистаденофибромы и эндометриоидной кисты беременных свидетельствует о том, что отсутствуют надежные критерии диагностики гистологического строения опухоли как по возрасту больных, размерам образования, так и по ультразвуковым признакам. Единственным маркером среди рассматриваемой патологии могут служить гиперэхогенные включения, которые отмечены только в опухолях Бреннера, как доброкачественных, так и злокачественных. При исследовании перечисленных доброкачественных новообразований яичников не выявлено особенностей кровоснабжения. Все новообразования имели васкуляризацию от полного отсутствия сосудов (1 балл) до умеренного их количества (3 балла). Гиперваскуляризация (4 балла) встречалась в струме, фиброме (фибротекоме) и цистаденофиброме.Заключение. Задачей ультразвукового исследования является своевременное выявление опухоли яичника с предположительным заключением вероятности малигнизации, основанном на стандартизованных протоколах группы IOTA, что важно для правильной маршрутизации пациентки

ОПЫТ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ С КОНТРАСТНЫМ УСИЛЕНИЕМ ПРИ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ РАКА ШЕЙКИ МАТКИ

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in detecting local spread, regional and distant metastases from cervical cancer. Materials and methods. The findings of contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination of 4 cervical cancer patients (IB1–IVB) treated at N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center from September to October 2016 were evaluated. The HI VISION Ascendus device was used. Ultrasound patterns in different phases of contrast-enhanced accumulation and excretion were analyzed. Results. Our first experience in using contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the detection of local spread, regional and distant metastases from cervical cancer allowed us to study the structure of the tumor and its spread in greater detail. Conclusion. A small number of observations do not yet allow us to draw serious conclusions about the capabilities of this modern technology. Цель исследования. Оценить возможности контрастно-усиленного ультразвукового исследования (КУУЗИ) в диагностике местного распространения, регионарных и отдаленных метастазов рака шейки матки (РШМ). Материал и методы. Проанализированы результаты КУУЗИ четырех пациенток с диагнозом РШМ IB1–IVB стадий, находившихся на обследовании и стационарном лечении в РОНЦ им Н.Н.Блохина в период с сентября по октябрь 2016 года. Ультразвуковое исследование проводили на аппарате «Hitachi Hi Vision Ascendus», рассмотрены особенности ультразвуковой картины в разные фазы накопления и выведения контрастного препарата Соновью. Результаты. Первый опыт использования контрастного усиления (КУ) при ультразвуковом исследовании (УЗИ) в диагностике местного распространения, регионарных и отдаленных метастазов РШМ позволил более детально изучить структуру опухоли и характер ее распространения. Заключение. Небольшое количество наблюдений не позволяет пока сделать серьезных выводов о возможностях этой современной технологии.

Optimization of therapy of corneal conjunctival xerosis and evaluation of pharmacoeconomic efficiency

In this study, the analysis of transient corneal-conjunctival xerosis (CCX) therapy, clinical manifestations and indices of local immune resistance and lacrimal gland function were included in the inclusion of pro-activ and actipol in CCX complex therapy. It was found that this scheme increases the function of tear formation and favorably affects local immune defense (the factor of non­specific immune resistance and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 b) in this category of patients. With the pharmacoeconomic analysis performed, taking into account the frequency of recurrence and the duration of remission, greater efficacy was shown in the use of immunomodulatory therapy.В данном исследовании произведен анализ терапии транзиторного роговично-конъюнктивального ксероза (РКК), клинические проявления и показатели местной иммунной резистентности и функции слезных желез при включении «Про-актива» и актипола в комплексную терапию РКК. Выявлено, что указанная схема повышает функцию слезообразования и благоприятно влияет на местную иммунную защиту (фактор неспецифической иммунной резистентности и провоспалительный цитокин IL-1b) у данной категории пациентов. При произведенном фармакозкономическом анализе с учетом частоты рецидивирования и продолжительности ремиссии выявлена большая эффективность при применении иммуномодулирующей терапии

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and tissue elastography in the differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic ovarian tumors in uterine cancer patients: our experience

Objective: to study the possibilities of tissue elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic ovarian tumors in uterine cancer patients.Materials and methods. The results of observations of 8 patients were analyzed.Results. We identified 8 patients with ovarian tumors, of whom 4 had synchronous primary cancers of the endometrium (synchronous group) and ovary and 4 had endometrial cancer with ovarian metastasis (metastasis group). Ovarian tumors in the synchronous group were more often unilateral, the structure of the ovarian tumor is more often multilocular-solid with uneven, clear contours, the size of the ovaries exceeds 6 cm, and the ovaries were mapped with 4 types of elastograms during tissue elastography. In this group dissemination of the process was not detected. Ovarian tumors in metastasis group were both bilateral and unilateral, represented by solid formations with clear, even contours, ovarian size did not exceed 6 cm, disseminated process was revealed in half of the cases (metastases in the greater omentum and in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes). With tissue elastography solidformations in the structure of the ovaries were mapped mainly by type 5 elastograms. With contrast-enhanced ultrasound in areas of a solid structure a rapid accumulation of the contrast agent in the arterial phase and its rapid excretion into the venous phase was revealed, only the contours of the walls and septum were visualized in the late phase with the multilocularsolid structure of the ovary.Conclusions. When we conduct an ultrasound examination of patients with a uterine cancer, a thorough study of the structure of the ovaries is important for timely diagnosis of the tumor. Further development of differential diagnostic criteria for macrometastases and synchronous ovarian tumors using modern ultrasound technologies is a promising task, since this information is necessary to correct the volume of surgery in this category of patients

Features of ultrasound of endometrial pathological conditions in breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen: a review of literature

The article examines the possibilities and features of ultrasound in the diagnosis of endometrial pathological conditions on the background of taking tamoxifen in women diagnosed with breast cancer based on data obtained from studying the sources of domestic and foreign literature from 1994 to 2018

Significance of ultrasound morphological comparisons in the complex ultrasound diagnosis of the cervix uteri

Ten ultrasound morphological comparisons were made on the removed uterus for endometrial cancer. The specific features of its ultra- sound image were studied in details. An attempt was undertaken to explain these or those echographic signs when comparing with tumor histotopographic sections

The estimation of functional reserves of organism of children and teenagers health

The unified methodic of level of functional reserves as the basic indicator of children and teenagers health was represented. Age-sexual standards of functional reserves of children and teenagers 5-18 years were determinated. The 5-step algorithm of functional reserves of estimation that provide donosological diagnostics and prophylactic program was established. Estimation of functional reserves of children and teenagers, screening diagnostics, functional tests, age-sexual standards of functional reserves, donosological diagnostics