KERENTANAN TINGGALAN BUDAYA BAWAH AIR SITUS KARANG BUI DI PERAIRAN PANTAI UTARA JAWA BARAT

Abstract. The Vulnerability of Underwater Cultural Heritages in Karang Bui Site, Northern Coast of West Java. Underwater remains which found in Karang Bui site, Karawang-Subang waters are originated from the colonial period of Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) and occupation period of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Indonesia. Research on the vulnerability of the Karang Bui site has been conducted by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries in 2017-2018. Research methods including observation of sea area; diving activities for site documentation, seabed profiles mapping, and the use of Side Scan Sonar. Besides looting activities that occurred in the past, the threats toward Karang Bui site preservation nowadays are from human and natural factors. Karang Bui site is located in shallow water with a depth of 5-12 m, so during the maximum elevation, the waves height and current velocity which forms at that location is increasing. Sedimentation level in Karang Bui site is also high caused by many rivers estuary around the site. The site is located within the area of P.T. Pertamina petroleum refineries which is likely the spill oil will threaten the archaeological remains. Furthermore, Karang Bui site is located near Patimban, Subang port development area which also the shipping line. Planning and protection measurement needs to be carried out immediately by related institutions and local governments. Thus, due those various vulnerability factors, the lifting of Karang Bui underwater artifacts is important to be done.   Abstrak. Tinggalan bawah air yang ditemukan di Karang Bui, perairan Karawang-Subang, berasal dari masa Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) dan masa penjajahan Kerajaan Belanda di Indonesia. Penelitian terhadap kerentanan Situs Karang Bui telah dilakukan oleh Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) pada tahun 2017-2018. Metode penelitian meliputi observasi kawasan laut, penyelaman bawah air untuk dokumentasi situs, pemetaan profil dasar laut, penggunaan side scan sonar. Selain aktivitas penjarahan pada masa lalu, ancaman terhadap kelestarian Situs Karang Bui saat ini berasal dari alam dan ulah manusia. Situs Karang Bui berada di perairan dangkal dengan kedalaman 5-12 m sehingga saat elevasi maksimal, tinggi gelombang dan kecepatan arus yang terbentuk di lokasi tersebut semakin meningkat. Tingkat sedimentasi di Situs Karang Bui juga tinggi karena banyak muara sungai di sekitar situs. Lokasi situs berada di area kilang-kilang pengeboran minyak bumi milik P.T. Pertamina, yang kemungkinan  tumpahan minyak akan mengancam tinggalan arkeologis. Selain itu, lokasi situs berada di dekat area pembangunan Pelabuhan Patimban, Subang, juga merupakan alur pelayaran. Perencanaan dan tindakan pelindungan Situs Karang Bui perlu segera dilakukan oleh institusi terkait dan pemerintah daerah. Oleh karena berbagai faktor kerentanan tersebut, pengangkatan artefak bawah air Karang Bui sangat penting untuk dilakukan

USA v. Bui

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvani

The number of polyiamonds is supermultiplicative

While the number of polyominoes is known to be supermultiplicative by a simple concatenation argument, it is still unknown whether the same applies to polyiamonds. This article proves that if $\ell,m$ are not both $1$, then $T(\ell+m)\ge T(\ell)T(m)$, for which one can say that the number of polyiamonds $T(n)$ is supermultiplicative. The method is, however, by concatenating, merging and adding cells at the same time. A corollary is an increment of the best known lower bound on the growth constant from $2.8423$ to $2.8578$.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures; final version for publicatio

USA v. Dung Bui

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvani

Body-Worn Cameras: Reducing Citizen Complaints and Improving Relationships

Video recordings of police-citizen interactions, most notably those obtained from the dashboard cameras (dashcams) of police cars, have been successful in objectively capturing police-citizen exchanges. However, since police-civilian interactions do not solely occur in front of police cars, dashcams present significant limitations. Off-camera violent, and sometimes fatal, encounters (such as the notorious Ferguson case) have fueled increased public support for body-worn cameras. This is especially true in cases with conflicting accounts from the officer(s), victim(s), and witness(es). Requiring officers to wear bodycams may reduce incidents of force and citizen complaints, and increase officer accountability. This paper will present peer-reviewed research to help create an understanding of officer perceptions about the device, and will evaluate the effects of bodycams on both police officers and the communities they serve. Although bodycams have the potential to improve behaviors of both officers and civilians, its efficacy is dependent on its implementation (i.e., policies). Additionally, this paper will present suggestions for police agencies adopting the use of bodycams. Since bodycams hold promise for helping to rebuild relations between officers and the community, more research and feedback can help address the growing privacy and retention concerns

The Impact of Quasi-Regulatory Mechanisms on Polluting Behavior: Evidence from Pollution Prevention Programs and Toxic Releases

To date, there is little convincing evidence on the effectiveness of “quasi-regulatory” mechanisms. Here I investigate how quasi-regulatory policies known as pollution prevention (“P2”) programs affect toxic pollution. I construct a data base on state-level P2 programs as well as the 1990 federal Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) and exploit variation in state adoption dates and program characteristics to study their effects on facility-level toxic releases. I find strong evidence that these mechanisms can affect pollution outcomes. In particular, I find that (1) the 1990 PPA has had a significant effect on toxic releases; (2) state programs geared to reducing the costs of P2 activities led to significant reductions in toxic releases; and (3) the response to P2 programs that increased the regulators’ ability to monitor polluting behavior could either increase or decrease reported releases, depending on the regulators’ ability to verify the accuracy of the reported releases.TRI, Quasi-Regulation, Voluntary Programs, Toxic Pollution

Wattle and daub experimental workshop: durability testing after 14 years of uninterrupted use

An important factor to analyze when studying the useful lifetime of earth constructions is the detection of any constructive pathologies that may occur; an important consideration when building a house; yet in Argentina information on building with wattle and daub is scarce. This paper describes a durability test conducted on an experimental workshop built with wattle and daub technology in 2004, in the city of Mendoza, Argentina. The building has a floor area of 33.63 m2 (5.70 m x 5.90 m), and houses an experimental workshop for thermal energy research and the construction of solar equipment. During the 14 years that the workshop has been in use, the wattle and daub walls have been exposed to various environmental forces, such as rain, wind, and earthquakes. However, its thermal behavior has remained constant over time, maintaining a difference in temperature of 5.8ºC between the inside and outside without auxiliary heating. In general, the construction has been well-preserved and serves the purpose for which it was built, thus proving that wattle and daub constructions will remain in optimum condition for at least 14 years with minimal maintenance required to prevent surface materials from deteriorating.Fil: Cuitiño Rosales, Maria Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; ArgentinaFil: Esteves Miramont, Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; Argentin