19th century glacier retreat in the Alps preceded the emergence of industrial black carbon deposition on high-alpine glaciers

Light absorbing aerosols in the atmosphere and cryosphere play an important role in the climate system. Their presence in ambient air and snow changes the radiative properties of these systems, thus contributing to increased atmospheric warming and snowmelt. High spatio-temporal variability of aerosol concentrations and a shortage of long-term observations contribute to large uncertainties in properly assigning the climate effects of aerosols through time.Starting around AD&thinsp;1860, many glaciers in the European Alps began to retreat from their maximum mid-19th century terminus positions, thereby visualizing the end of the Little Ice Age in Europe. Radiative forcing by increasing deposition of industrial black carbon to snow has been suggested as the main driver of the abrupt glacier retreats in the Alps. The basis for this hypothesis was model simulations using elemental carbon concentrations at low temporal resolution from two ice cores in the Alps.Here we present sub-annually resolved concentration records of refractory black carbon (rBC; using soot photometry) as well as distinctive tracers for mineral dust, biomass burning and industrial pollution from the Colle Gnifetti ice core in the Alps from AD&thinsp;1741 to 2015. These records allow precise assessment of a potential relation between the timing of observed acceleration of glacier melt in the mid-19th century with an increase of rBC deposition on the glacier caused by the industrialization of Western Europe. Our study reveals that in AD&thinsp;1875, the time when rBC ice-core concentrations started to significantly increase, the majority of Alpine glaciers had already experienced more than 80&thinsp;% of their total 19th century length reduction, casting doubt on a leading role for soot in terminating of the Little Ice Age. Attribution of glacial retreat requires expansion of the spatial network and sampling density of high alpine ice cores to balance potential biasing effects arising from transport, deposition, and snow conservation in individual ice-core records.</p

Real-world safety profiles of pirfenidone and nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients

International audienceMeeting Abstract PM2-01

Safety Profile of Cabazitaxel: A French Pharmacovigilance Database Analysis

International audienc

Real-world safety profiles of pirfenidone and nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients

International audienceMeeting Abstract PM2-01

Real-world safety profiles of pirfenidone and nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients

International audienceMeeting Abstract PM2-01

Laser generated lamb waves in carbon / epoxy composite structures using an embedded fiber optic delivery system

Communication to : SPIE 7th annual international symposium on smart structures and materials conference on smart structures and integrated systems, Newport Beach (USA), March 05-09, 2000Available from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : 22419, issue : a.2000 n.59 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEFRFranc

Modification de la perception des sons sous antiépileptiques : une revue de la littérature et des bases de pharmacovigilance

National audiencePitch perception modifications are among the little-known adverse effects observed with antiepileptics, mainly affecting patients treated with carbamazepine (CBZ). Here, we describe an original French case of pitch perception modification due to CBZ resulting in perfect pitch loss. We also reviewed the literature as well as French and world health organisation global pharmacovigilance database. The case report concerns a 22-year-old patient with perfect pitch with untreated left temporal partial epilepsy. Following a generalized seizure, the introduction of CBZ prolonged release (200mg twice a day) is decided. As soon as CBZ is introduced, the patient notices a change in pitch perception, about a semitone lower. This adverse effect persisted despite a gradual decrease in doses. The patient reported a total recovery of his perfect pitch when CBZ stopped completely 11 years later. In the French pharmacovigilance database, only one other case of pitch perception modification under CBZ was recorded (no cases were found with oxcarbazepine, lacosamide, sodium valproate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, ethosuximide, vigabatrine, felbamate, gabapentin, tiagabine and topiramate). In the literature, 27 cases of pitch perception modification have been published with CBZ, 1 case with oxcarbazepine and 1 case with lacosamide. Pitch perception modification is a very rare adverse effect of CBZ, oxcarbazepine and lacosamide, identified in the literature mainly in the Japanese population, in experienced musicians. A rapid onset after the introduction of treatment, a complete resolution of symptoms, in most cases upon discontinuation of treatment, is observed, with no sequelae reported. Due to the impact on quality of life, especially in patients whose profession is related to music, knowledge of this adverse event seems important to evoke this diagnosis