Harpagifer bispinis

This rocky, intertidal species has a relatively small range, but is common and abundant. There are no known major threats at this time; therefore, it is listed as Least Concern.Fil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Irigoyen, A.. No especifíca;Fil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J.P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; Brasi

Patagonotothen tessellata

This demersal species inhabits nearshore rocky reefs and kelp forests in southern Chile and Argentina and has an estimated generation length of 5 years. The global-level center of its abundance is in the straits of southern Chile. Invasive Chinook salmon now occur throughout the straits of Chile, and this represents a potential major threat, including impacts from competition, predation and disease introduction. The invasion is expected to expand into other parts of its range (i.e. Argentina). The Chilean salmon aquaculture industry, which is the source of escaped individuals, is expected to expand in the near future. The centre, or the major proportion of its global population is concentrated in the area where this threat is greatest. This threat has been increasing over time, but probably began about 30 years ago. There are no data to quantify population trends at this time; and considering this major threat and the lack of understanding for the likely direct impact, it is listed as Data Deficient. It is highly recommended to conduct studies on population trends as well as the impacts from the invasive salmon. Recommended conservation actions include the continued protection of kelp forests from harvest and to improve management of invasive salmon and prevention of escapes.Fil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Irigoyen, A.. No especifíca;Fil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J.P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; Brasi

Champsocephalus esox, Pike Icefish

This demersal species is endemic to the southern Patagonia Sea region where it occurs in kelp forests and fjords. Its physiology restricts it to waters of high oxygen concentration and low temperature, and its survivability is reduced when these conditions fluctuate. Based on survey data and observations of fishers catch, this species has declined by 80% since the 1980s in at least half of its range (the Chilean coast). The status of its population in the other half of its range (Argentina) is poorly understood due to the lack of surveys. Considering the uncertainty regarding its status in the other half of its range, it is conservatively suspected to have declined overall by 30% over the past three generation lengths (12-18 years). Threats include climate change (warming water temperatures), mortality as bycatch in artisanal fisheries and invasive salmon. It is listed as Vulnerable A2bcde. Additional survey work is needed to monitor and understand its population throughout its range. Research is needed on its life history and response to heat shock.Fil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Irigoyen, A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J.P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; Brasi

Paralichthys isosceles

This demersal species occurs from southern Brazil to Argentina and is taken in multi-species commercial´s fisheries that target demersal fishes through much of its range. It is a relatively minor component of the catch of Paralichthys species as compared to catch of the sympatric P. patagonicus. For purposes of this assessment, half of the global population is considered to occur in Brazil and the other half in Uruguay and Argentina. According to landings and catch per unit effort data, the demersal fish stocks of Brazil are inferred to have declined by at least 30% and possibly to 50%. Due to the lack of specific data for this species, an estimate for population decline is not available or cannot be suspected at this time. According to stock assessment and fisheries data, there is no decline detected in the demersal stock in Argentina and Uruguay and abundance indices show an increase in recent years (since 2014). Fishing effort continues at an unsustainable level in Brazil, the fishery is not well-monitored and conservation measures are insufficient. Conservation measures in Argentina and Uruguay include a total allowable catch limit and regular monitoring of stock status. Based on the potential major threat from overfishing in at least half of its global population, but lack of quantified data, it is listed as Data Deficient with a recommendation to improve fisheries monitoring, including the collection of species-specific data, as" "well as implement conservation measures to reduce effort in Brazilian fisheries.Fil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J. P.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Irigoyen, A.. No especifíca;Fil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chil

Patagonotothen ramsayi

This species has a relatively small range on the continental shelf and slope of the southern part of the Patagonia Sea where it plays an important ecological role as a prey item for larger marine species. The majority of its global population is concentrated in southern Argentina, including the Malvinas Islands, where the main fishing ground is located. One generation length is estimated as 10 years. It is relatively slow-growing and late to maturity with relatively low fecundity, which may cause it to be susceptible to declines when facing heavy fishing pressure. Previous to 2006, it was mostly discarded as bycatch in large quantities beginning in the 1980s. A large-scale, commercial fishery began in 2007 in the Malvinas area. In areas outside the Malvinas closer to the Argentine mainland, it is taken in fisheries in relatively small amounts. According to stock assessment models based on catch per unit effort data and fishery independent trawl surveys, the estimated biomass for the period of 2005 to 2018 was highest in 2005 and then declined by 79% to a low in 2018. According to the 2019 and 2020 survey results, biomass has continued to decline. Biomass trends prior to 2005 are poorly understood, but based on these data, it is suspected that its population has declined by 40-50% on a global-level over the past one and a half generation lengths, or 15 years. In addition, declines in length at maturity and average length of individuals in the survey catch have also occurred. The cause of decline is poorly understood, but may be attributed in part to fishing activity or a shift in the spatial distribution of its abundance to areas adjacent to the Malvinas. Several fishery management measures are in place, catches have been at a relatively low level and it is not considered overfished. Due to the uncertainty associated with the cause of decline and lack of data prior to 2005, it is not possible to estimate the population trend to cover a three generation length period (either in the past or into the future) at this time. It is listed as Data Deficient with a strong recommendation to conduct studies to improve the understanding of this decline both within the Malvinas area and areas adjacent to it.Fil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Irigoyen, A.. No especifíca;Fil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J. P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; Brasi

Cottoperca trigloides, Frogmouth

This widely distributed, demersal species is associated with rocky bottoms and kelp forests. It is discarded as bycatch in trawl fisheries, but this is not expected to be driving population declines approaching a Near Threatened or threatened level at this time; therefore, it is listed as Least Concern.Fil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Irigoyen, A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J. P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; Brasi

Sebastes oculatus, Patagonian Rockfish

This demersal, reef-associated species is common and abundant through much of its range. It is taken in fisheries at relatively low levels and may be impacted by invasive salmon. Global-level declines are not considered to be approaching a Near Threatened or threatened level at this time; therefore, it is listed as Least Concern.Fil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Irigoyen, Alejo Joaquin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J. P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; Brasi

Acanthistius patachonicus, Patagonian Grouper

This rocky reef species has a relatively small range from southern Brazil to central Argentina. It is long- lived and the estimated generation length is 28.5 years. Large commercial fisheries targeted spawning aggregations of this species in the 1980s and 1990s until abundance steeply declined to the point where the market was no longer viable and at least four large areas where spawning aggregations were heavily depleted. Currently, it continues to be targeted by artisanal and industrial fisheries. The implementation of effective fishing area closures, both permanent and seasonal, in the El Rincón area is considered to provide a high level of protection for half of the global population of this species. According to fisher interviews, some level of population decline occurred within the past 40 years, or over a little more than one generation length ago. The lack of fisheries data, including a stock assessment, and the low level of understanding of the status of historical and current spawning aggregations prevents the estimation of percent population decline at this time. A secondary threat may be the reduction of habitat quality due to the invasive alga Undaria pinnatifida on shallow reefs, which has spread through much of its range. It is listed as Data Deficient with a strong recommendation to improve fishery monitoring and to conduct studies on spawning aggregations.Fil: Irigoyen, Alejo Joaquin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Vieira, J. P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; Brasi

Pogonias courbina

This demersal species inhabits and forms seasonal spawning aggregations in shallow coastal waters and estuaries from southeastern Brazil to Argentina. It is a relatively long-lived, large-bodied species that canattain over 140 cm in length and 40 kg in weight and reach over 50 years in age. The estimated generation length is 28 years. It is targeted by commercial, artisanal and recreational fisheries throughout its range. Fisheries targeted spawning migrations in the Patos Lagoon estuary in southern Brazil at a high level from the 1940s to early 1980s, and landings have declined by 88% since 1982, orover the past 37 years. After these four decades of exploitation, only juveniles and small-sized adults are currently captured in the fishery. In Uruguay and Argentina, fishing effort primarily targets spawning aggregations in the La Plata River estuary. Landings in this fishery increased by 260% since 2000, or overthe past 19 years, as compared to landings in the period from 1975-1999. The current absence of large individuals in the La Plata River commercial catch and anecdotal observations of declines by Argentines portfishers, strongly implies that a truncation in age structure and a significant decline in abundance occurred.This species has intrinsic characteristics, including large body size, long longevity and high vulnerability to capture during predictable spawning/feeding migrations or aggregations, that cause it to be susceptible to large population declines under exploitation. However, its high fecundity and early age at© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Pogonias courbina , published in 2020.https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T159145751A159145756.en1maturity (5-10% of the longevity) favours its resilience to exploitation under adequate fisheries management. The large decline in the southern Brazil fishery that targets this species was caused by years of intense fishing pressure, and that stock has not recovered. This is a clear warning that the fishery operating in La Plata estuary will follow the same path of decline unless urgent and drastic management measures are not implemented in the near future. Based on fisheries data and catch observations over time, it is inferred this species has undergone global-level declines of at least 30-40%over the past one and half generation lengths (about 42 years), and due to insufficient conservation measures, this decline is expected to continue over the next one and half generation lengths. Therefore,it is listed as Vulnerable A2bd+4bd with a strong recommendation to improve fisheries monitoring and management.Fil: Haimovici, M. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; BrasilFil: Chao, L.. National Museum Of Marine Biology And Aquarium In Taiwa; República de ChinaFil: Vieira, J.P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; BrasilFil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Irigoyen, A.. No especifíca;Fil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chil

Engraulis anchoita

This coastal to mid-continental shelf, pelagic species is widely distributed from Brazil to Argentina. It is a short-lived species with an estimated generation length of 2-4 years. Biomass fluctuates naturally with environmental conditions. It is currently commercially exploited only in Argentina. The global population is comprised of three stocks (1. southeast Brazil north of 28°S, 2. Brazil south of 28°S, Uruguay and Argentina to 41°S and 3. Argentine Patagonia between 41°S and 48°S). Abundance of the species in Brazil is stable. According to fishery independent scientific surveys, the Buenos Aires stock has a high biomass close to historical levels and it is underexploited. The Argentine population is regularly monitored and there are stringent fishing regulations in place. Fishing activity is not expected to be driving global-level declines approaching a Near Threatened or threatened level at this time. It is listed as Least Concern with a recommendation to continue to conduct research cruises to improve stock assessments. Research is also needed to better understand the observed changes in body size structure of the southern stocks.Fil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Irigoyen, A.. No especifíca;Fil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J.P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; BrasilFil: Di Dario F.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasi