Cleaning up Copy-Paste Clones with Interactive Merging

International audienceCopy-paste-modify is a form of software reuse in which developers explicitly duplicate source code. This duplicated source code, amounting to a code clone, is adapted for a new purpose. Copy-paste-modify is popular among software developers, however, empirical evidence shows that it complicates software maintenance and increases the frequency of bugs. To allow developers to use copy-paste-modify without having to worry about these concerns , we propose an approach that automatically merges similar pieces of code by creating suitable abstractions. Because different kinds of abstractions may be beneficial in different contexts, our approach offers multiple abstraction mechanisms, which were selected based on a study of popular open-source repositories. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we have designed and implemented a prototype merging tool for C++ and evaluated it on a number of code clones exhibiting some variation, i.e near-miss clones, in popular Open Source packages. We observed that maintainers find our algorithmically created abstractions to be largely preferable to the existing duplicated code

Evaluating Code Clone Genealogies at Release Level: An Empirical Study

Code clone genealogies show how clone groups evolve with the evolution of the associated software system, and thus could provide important insights on the maintenance implications of clones. In this paper, we provide an in-depth empirical study for evaluating clone genealogies in evolving open source systems at the release level. We develop a clone genealogy extractor, examine 17 open source C, Java, C++ and C# systems of diverse varieties and study different dimensions of how clone groups evolve with the evolution of the software systems. Our study shows that majority of the clone groups of the clone genealogies either propagate without any syntactic changes or change consistently in the subsequent releases, and that many of the genealogies remain alive during the evolution. These findings seem to be consistent with the findings of a previous study that clones may not be as detrimental in software maintenance as believed to be (at least by many of us), and that instead of aggressively refactoring clones, we should possibly focus on tracking and managing clones during the evolution of software systems.Ye

Analisis Fatwa (Mui) No:106/dsn-mui/x/2016 Terhadap Implementasi Wakaf Asuransi Di Lembaga Prudential Indonesia

Insurance is a form of protection that is present either from the private sector or the government. One way of coverage in Indonesia is the Prudential institution. Prudential comes as an insurance option in which there is a waqf system. Asur waqf that serves for the overall benefit (virtue) of the people. The results show that Prudential comes with a variety of waqf insurance products with all applicable provisions, and is implemented on Islamic principles. The MUI fatwa analysis No. 106 of 2016 performed at the Prudential Insurance Institute found that discrepancies. Regarding endowment, up to 95% applies to the filing of new policies on PSBG and PSIA starting on January 10, 2019, with the condition that the leading participants have existing (conventional and sharia) systems that are still active. This action is not following fatwa no.106 / DSN-MUI / X / 2016, where insurance benefits may e represented at most 45% of the total insurance benefits