The effectiveness of the case method to improve student learning outcomes in the SMAW subject

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the case method for improving student learning outcomes in the SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) subject. This research employs classroom action research. The subjects of this study are 11th-grade students majoring in Mechanical Engineering at State Vocational High School 1 Silaut, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Data collection techniques include observation sheets to assess teacher and student activities, tests to evaluate students’ knowledge, and documentation to support the research. The study results indicate that implementing the case method teaching model effectively improves student learning outcomes because students are engaged and interested in learning. This is evident in the learning outcomes in cycle 1, where 64.29% of students achieved passing grades, with nine passing, while 35.71% did not pass, with five students falling short. In cycle 2, student learning outcomes improved to 78.57%, with 11 students passing, while 21.43% did not pass, with three students not meeting the passing criteria. In conclusion, the case method teaching model effectively enhances student learning outcomes in the SMAW subject

Analysis of Pax6 contiguous gene deletions in the mouse, Mus musculus, identifies regions distinct from Pax6 responsible for extreme small-eye and belly-spotting phenotypes.

In the mouse pax6 function is critical in a dose-dependent manner for proper eye development. pax6 Configuous gene deletions were shown to be homozygous lethal at an early embryonic stage. Heterozygotes express belly spotting and extreme microphthalmia. The eye phenotype is more Severe than in heterozygous pax6, intragenic null mutants, raising the possibility that deletions are functionally different. from intragenic null mutations or that a region distinct from Pax6 included in the deletions affects eye phenotype. we recovered and identified the exact regions deleted in three new Pax6 deletions. All are homozygous lethal at an early embryonic stage. None express belly spotting. One expresses extreme microphthalmia and two express the milder eye phenotype similar to Pax6 intragenic null mutants. Analysis of Pax6 expression levels and the major isoforms excluded the hypothesis that the deletions expressing extreme microphthalmia are directly due to the action of pax6 and functionally different from intragenic null mutations. A region distinct from Pax6 containing eight genes was identified for bell), spotting. A second region containing one gene (Rcn I) was identified for the extreme microphthalmia phenotype. Rcn1 is a Ca+2 -binding protein, resident in the endoplasmic reticulum, participates in the secretory pathway and expressed in the eye. Our results suggest that deletion of Rcn1 directly or indirectly contributes to the eye phenotype in Pax6 contiguous gene deletions

Fuzzy polynucleotide spaces and metrics

The study of genetic sequences is of great importance in biology and medicine. Mathematics is playing all important role in the study of genetic sequences and. generally, in bioinformatics. In this paper, we extend the work concerning the Fuzzy Polynuclotide Space (FPS) introduced in Torres, A., Nieto, J.J.. 2003. The fuzzy polynuclotide Space: Basic properties. Bioinformatics 19(5)-, 587592 and Nicto, J.J.. Torres, A.. Vazquez-Trasande, M.M. 2003. A metric space to study differences between polynucleotides. Appl. Math. Lett. 27:1289-1294 by studying distances between nucleotides and some complete genomes using several metrics. We also present new results concerning the notions of similarity, difference and equality between polynucleotides. The results are encouraging since they demonstrate how the notions of distance and similarity between polynucleotides in the FPS can be employed in the analysis of genetic material