Normal gravity field in relativistic geodesy

Modern geodesy is subject to a dramatic change from the Newtonian paradigm to Einstein's theory of general relativity. This is motivated by the ongoing advance in development of quantum sensors for applications in geodesy including quantum gravimeters and gradientometers, atomic clocks and fiber optics for making ultra-precise measurements of the geoid and multipolar structure of the Earth's gravitational field. At the same time, VLBI, SLR, and GNSS have achieved an unprecedented level of accuracy in measuring coordinates of the reference points of the ITRF and the world height system. The main geodetic reference standard is a normal gravity field represented in the Newtonian gravity by the field of a Maclaurin ellipsoid. The present paper extends the concept of the normal gravity field to the realm of general relativity. We focus our attention on the calculation of the first post-Newtonian approximation of the normal field that is sufficient for applications. We show that in general relativity the level surface of the uniformly rotating fluid is no longer described by the Maclaurin ellipsoid but is an axisymmetric spheroid of the forth order. We parametrize the mass density distribution and derive the post-Newtonian normal gravity field of the rotating spheroid which is given in a closed form by a finite number of the ellipsoidal harmonics. We employ transformation from the ellipsoidal to spherical coordinates to deduce the post-Newtonian multipolar expansion of the metric tensor given in terms of scalar and vector gravitational potentials of the rotating spheroid. We compare these expansions with that of the normal gravity field generated by the Kerr metric and demonstrate that the Kerr metric has a fairly limited application in relativistic geodesy. Finally, we derive the post-Newtonian generalization of the Somigliana formula for the gravity field on the reference ellipsoid.Comment: 39 pages, no figures, accepted to Physical Review

Logistic Supply Chain Management and Economic Security of the Enterprise

Abstract- In recent years, the interdisciplinary research of supply chains and economic security has received extensive, yet gradual, attention; when compared to the rapid economic growth of the service industry, however, sustainable supply chain management has not been systematically explored yet. The security issue in supply chains is among the most pressing concerns that firms are currently facing. So the purpose of this article is to formalize the process of interaction between an enterprise and suppliers of components necessary for the production of products. The process is considered from the point of view of determining the best conditions for the operation of the enterprise under which the production of all planned products is ensured and the costs of the enterprise for the acquisition of components necessary for the production are minimized. The model reflects the unambiguous dependence of purchases on the range and volume of output. Typically, when simulating supply chain processes, the emphasis is on managing the inventory of components of one item on the one hand or on minimizing the cost of shipping only one component. With this approach, the costs of the enterprise as a whole usually fall out of consideration. The proposed economic and mathematical model establishes a close interdependence between the proceeds from the sale of products and the costs of acquiring the components necessary for the production, between the capabilities of suppliers and the needs of the enterprise, in a supply chain model. In this model, emphasis is placed on ensuring the reliability of supplies, their magnitude and timeliness, which should be stipulated in contracts for the supply of necessary components. The model implicitly takes into account the presence of accounts payable, which may affect the amount of funds allocated for the purchase of components necessary for the production. The advantages of the model should also include accounting for the availability of components at the time of procurement. As an additional effect of the application of the model, the possibility of minimizing working capital through the implementation of a sound logistics policy based on existing working capital and their use to ensure timely delivery in the required volumes of components is considered. The supply chain ensures the economic security of the enterprise. The effective use of working capital contributes to an increase in the profitability of the enterprise and, as a result, to an increase in the income of the owner

Dendritic flux avalanches and nonlocal electrodynamics in thin superconducting films

We present numerical and analytical studies of coupled nonlinear Maxwell and thermal diffusion equations which describe nonisothermal dendritic flux penetration in superconducting films. We show that spontaneous branching of propagating flux filaments occurs due to nonlocal magnetic flux diffusion and positive feedback between flux motion and Joule heat generation. The branching is triggered by a thermomagnetic edge instability which causes stratification of the critical state. The resulting distribution of magnetic microavalanches depends on a spatial distribution of defects. Our results are in good agreement with experiments performed on Nb films.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, see http://mti.msd.anl.gov/aran_h1.htm for extensive collection of movies of dendritic flux and temperature pattern

Regional Investment Policy Under the Impact of Budget Limitations and Economic Sanctions

The article is devoted to the assessment of influence of budgetary restrictions and economic sanctions on investment policy of a region. The paper studies the bilateral negative effect on socio-economic development of regions from both the external sanctions and braking mechanism of economic development within the country. On the basis of the comparative and statistical analysis, the need to change focus of investment policy from the growth in volumes to qualitative perfecting is proved. The new direction of investment policy connected with the import substitution process realization, its combination with acceleration of innovative development on the certain example of Sverdlovsk region is analyzed. The conclusions and offers stated in the article are applicable to the public authorities of subjects of the Russian Federation, experts in the sphere of regional investment policy and improvement of investment climate, and also the specialized organizations specialized in attracting investment and work with investors in regions of Russia

Shock waves in superconducting cosmic strings: growth of current

Intrinsic equations of motion of superconducting cosmic string may admit solutions in the shock-wave form that implies discontinuity of the current term \chi. The hypersurface of discontinuity propagates at finite velocity determined by finite increment \Delta \chi =\chi_+ -\chi_-. The current increases \chi_+>\chi_- in stable shocks but transition between spacelike (\chi >0) and timelike (\chi<0) currents is impossible.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Economic institutions of Russian academic science

In this paper, the basic provisions of the transactional theory of economic institutions of science are examined. It is shown that contemporary institutional theory of science determines the formation of economic and theoretical perspectives and applied methodologies for assessing the development of economic institutions. Results are presented from the authors’ many years of empirical analysis of factors affecting Russian economic invention institutions, scientific publications and academic mobility. © 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved

Knowledge creation in state-owned enterprises

The special part in economy of knowledge is assigned to the hi-tech industry. Russian hi-tech industry includes primarily stateowned enterprises, whose purpose is the execution of the state order. According to the statistic, a large part of scientificresearch and experimental-design works is produced during execution of the state order. Therefore, the main research question the following: how to estimate efficiency of knowledge creation at the state-owned enterprises. The purpose of the present study was to provide a methodology for assessment of the knowledge creation efficiency at the state-owned enterprises. This methodology was been based on measurement of the coefficient of intellectual share of the profits. This coefficient was calculated as change of the intellectual capital divided by change of profit. Relevance of research objectives is caused by need of optimization of the budgetary expenses on research and development. The article takes an eclectic methodological approach to piece together extant literature and to discover new empirical knowledge about knowledge creation. For estimation of the knowledge creation efficiency, authors use the data of intellectual capital (scientific publishing and inventive activity) during 2005-2013 at the state-owned Russian enterprise and compares them with data of expenses on research and development. Authors also carried out 10 in-depth interviews with experts from different innovative state-owned enterprises for understanding of features of knowledge management at the state enterprises. The theoretical importance of the conducted research is expansion of the methodological device of knowledge economy. The empirical results of the research confirm the fact the coefficient of intellectual share of the profits is the useful operational instrument for the strategic planning in innovative state-owned enterprises. In addition, the results of analysis using coefficient of intellectual share of the profits indicated that the change of the budgetary R&D expenses caused by a phase of a business cycle had a direct effect on knowledge creation efficiency. The research demonstrates the methodology for assessment of the knowledge creation efficiency can become the effective instrument of development of state innovative policy. © 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved

Mode mixing in asymmetric double trench photonic crystal waveguides

e investigate both experimentally and theoretically the waveguiding properties of a novel double trench waveguide where a conventional single-mode strip waveguide is embedded in a two dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) slab formed in silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers. We demonstrate that the bandwidth for relatively low-loss (50dB/cm) waveguiding is significantly expanded to 250nm covering almost all the photonic band gap owing to nearly linear dispersion of the TE-like waveguiding mode. The flat transmission spectrum however is interrupted by numerous narrow stop bands. We found that these stop bands can be attributed to anti-crossing between TE-like (positive parity) and TM-like (negative parity) modes. This effect is a direct result of the strong asymmetry of the waveguides that have an upper cladding of air and lower cladding of oxide. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of the effects of cladding asymmetry on the transmission characteristics of the PhC slab waveguides.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure