Canning of non exportable shrimps

The shrimp can with three compounds of salted water, oil, and sauce, in view of the organoleptic characteristics were compared to each other. Also the effects of processing methods including freezing, drying and canning were evaluated according to some qualitative parameters to raw shrimp (blank). The result showed that considering the organoleptic characteristics, the shrimp can with the compound of oil was better than the two others. On the other hand, the pH of the shrimp can, containing oil was 7.44 ± 0.01, freeze shrimp 7 ± 83-0.04 and dried shrimp 7.46 ± 0.01, that according to the T test, comparing to the blank these differences were statistically meaningful (P <U/01). The amount of protein in freeze shrimp was 96.2 ± 0.03, in dried shrimp 81 ± 0.7 and in canned shrimp (containing oil) was 76.8 ± 0.92, these differences were also statistically considerable. The quantity of the T.V.N in freeze shrimp was 0 ± 0.53, dried shrimp 66 ± 0.3 and in canned shrimp (containing oil) was significant. In view of the total number of the microorganisms, in freeze shrimp was 4800 per gram, in the dried shrimp 15500 per gram, and in the canned shrimp was negative

Occurrence of ochratoxin a in grape juice of Iran

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most important mycotoxins that contaminate a broad range of agricultural and food products. In this study, the occurrence of OTA in available brands of grape juice in Iran purchased from retail outlets or producer were determined for the first time using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with immunoaffinity columns(IAC) as the clean-up step. The average recoveries for OTA in grape juice ranged from 54.2 to 86.6 with the coefficient of variation lower than 17.3 in lowest spiked level (0.5 µg/L). The estimated LOD and LOQ of OTA were 0.04 µg/L and 0.125 µg/L, respectively. In our study, 70 samples of grape juice evaluated for OTA content. The results showed that in 39 out of 70 samples (55.7) OTA levels were above the LOQ with the maximum level of 2.6 µg/L and the mean contamination was 0.5 µg/L. Although the mean contamination of OTA in analyzing samples was lower than the MRL set by EU, the high incidence of contamination in these products is worried. Considering the importance of OTA in public health, control of pre-and post-harvest, storage and grape juice manufacturing process, such as HACCP, GAP, and GMP recommended preventive measures are required. © 2018 by School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services

Occurrence of ochratoxin a in grape juice of Iran

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most important mycotoxins that contaminate a broad range of agricultural and food products. In this study, the occurrence of OTA in available brands of grape juice in Iran purchased from retail outlets or producer were determined for the first time using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with immunoaffinity columns(IAC) as the clean-up step. The average recoveries for OTA in grape juice ranged from 54.2 to 86.6 with the coefficient of variation lower than 17.3 in lowest spiked level (0.5 µg/L). The estimated LOD and LOQ of OTA were 0.04 µg/L and 0.125 µg/L, respectively. In our study, 70 samples of grape juice evaluated for OTA content. The results showed that in 39 out of 70 samples (55.7) OTA levels were above the LOQ with the maximum level of 2.6 µg/L and the mean contamination was 0.5 µg/L. Although the mean contamination of OTA in analyzing samples was lower than the MRL set by EU, the high incidence of contamination in these products is worried. Considering the importance of OTA in public health, control of pre-and post-harvest, storage and grape juice manufacturing process, such as HACCP, GAP, and GMP recommended preventive measures are required. © 2018 by School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services

Relationships between some soil physical and chemical properties with magnetic properties in different soil moisture regimes in Golestan province

Introduction: Soil moisture regime refers to the presence or absence either of ground water or of water held at a tension of less than 1500 kPa in the soil or in specific horizons during periods of the year. It is the most important factor in soil formation, soil evolution and fertility affecting on crop production and management. Also, it widely is practical in soil classification and soil mapping. The soil moisture regime depends on the soil properties, climatic and weather conditions, characteristics of natural plant formations and, in cultivated soils, is affected by the characteristics of crops grown, as well as the cultivation practices. Determination of soil moisture regime within a landscape scale requires high information and data about moisture balance of soil profile during some years according to Soil Survey Manual (2010). This approach is very expensive, labor, time and cost consuming. Therefore, achievement to an alternative approach is seems essential to overcome these problems. The main hypothesis of this study was to use capability of magnetic susceptibility as a cheap and rapid technique could determine the soil moisture regimes. Magnetic properties of soils reflect the impacts of soil mineral composition, particularly the quantity of ferrimagnetic minerals such as maghemite and magnetite. Magnetic susceptibility measurements can serve a variety of applications including the changes in soil forming processes and ecological services, understanding of lithological effects, insight of sedimentation processes and soil drainage. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in an area located between 36°46َ 10˝ and 37° 2’ 28˝ N latitudes, and 54° 29’ 31˝ and 55° 12’ 47˝ E longitudes in Golestan province, northern Iran. In the study region mean annual temperature varies from 12.4 to 19.4 °C. The average annual rainfall and evapotranspiration varies from 230 mm and 2335 mm in Inchebrun district (Aridic regime), to 732 mm and 846 mm in Touskstan uplands (Udic regime), respectively. this study was conducted in four soil moisture regimes (Aridic, Xeric, Udic and Aquic), for exploring the relationships between soil properties and magnetic measures. In each regimes, 25 soil profiles were drug, described and soil samples were collected from each of soil horizons. Soil samples were air-dried and sieved using a 2 mm sieve. The dithionite-citrate bicarbonate (DCB) method was used to measure Fed and acid ammonium oxalate for Feo. In this study, a set of environmental magnetic parameters including magnetic susceptibility at low frequency (χlf), saturation isothermal remnant magnetization (SIRM), isothermal remnant magnetization (IRM100 mT) were measured. Magnetic susceptibility (χ) was measured at low frequency (0.47 kHz; χlf) and high frequency (4.7 kHz; χhf) using a Bartington MS2 dual frequency sensor using approximately 20 g of soil held in a four-dram clear plastic vial (2.3 cm diameter). Frequency dependent susceptibility (χfd) was determined by the difference between the high and low frequency measurements as a percentage of χ at low frequency. IRM was measured at the field of 100 mT generated in a Molspin pulse magnetizer (IRM100mT) and at the back field of 100mT (IRM−100mT). The IRM acquired in the maximum field of 1000 mT was measured and defined as the saturation isothermal remnant magnetization (SIRM) of the soil sample. Results and Discussion: The results showed that moisture regime induced significant differences for soil physical and chemical properties. Diversities in genetic soil horizons and soil development degree have been increased from Aridic to Udic soil moisture regime. The results also indicated that selected properties including magnetic measures and physical and chemical properties were significantly different in four soil moisture regimes. With increasing rainfall and reducing temperature from aridic to udic soil moisture regime, soil organic matter was increased. Otherwise, in arid environment Gypsic, Calcic and Salic horizons were observed in the near of soil surface. Fed and Fed-Feo were the highest in udic and the lowest in udic soil moisture regime, respectively. Moreover, higher soil development because of climate effect leaded to higher amount of pedogenic ferromagnetic minerals, as well as the highest were observed in the Udic regime. Otherwise, in Aquic moisture regime, the lowest value of magnetic susceptibility was obtained because of dissolution of ferromagnetic minerals (magnetite and maghemite) under supersaturating condition. In overall, close relationships were observed between soil physical and chemical properties and magnetic measures in various soil moisture regimes

The Optimal Focusing Subspace for Coherent Signal Subspace Processing

- “A theoretical view of the use of AIC, ” in 15me Series Analysis