Microwave Assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Tubercular Activity of 4-Quinolylhydrazone

A series of 4-quinolylhydrazone derivatives was synthesized by reaction of 4-quinolylhydrazine and various substituted carboxaldehyde out of that most of the derivatives show significant antitubercular properties. The microwave assisted organic synthesis was applied to synthesize a series of 4-quinolylhydrazone derivatives. The characterizations of newly synthesized derivatives were done by modern analytical techniques like digital melting point apparatus, IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Hydrazone, Quinoline, Carboxaldehyde

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Effect of Hydraulic Loading Rate on Production of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) with Pearlspot (Etroplus Suratensis) in Recirculating Aquaponic System

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of hydraulic loading rate (HLR) on tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) with pearlspot (Etroplus suratensis) in a recirculating aquaponic system. The experiment consisted of three treatment groups with different HLR of 3 m.day-1 (T1), 6 m.day-1 (T2), and 12 m.day-1 (T3); while the control (C) group had HLR of 3 m.day-1 without plants. Tomato and pearlspot were stocked at 4 plants.m-2 and 0.86 kg.m-3 (142 no.m-3 with an average initial weight of 6.06±0.09 g), respectively. The results indicated that the HLR had profound influence on the growth of both plant and fish. Tomato growth was highest in T1 (1.60±0.04 kg.m-2), followed by T2 (1.35±0.05 kg.m-2) and T3 (1.09±0.069 kg.m-2). Pearlspot growth was highest in T2 (13.57±0.04 g), followed by T1 (13.48±0.04 g), T3 (13.17±0.01 g), and C (13.00±0.28 g). The removal of nitrate (65.71%), phosphate (46.43%), and potassium (62.74%) was highest in T1, followed by T2, T3, and C. Based on the tomato and pearlspot growth as well as the maximum nutrient removal, a HLR of 3.0 m.day-1 can be recommended for tomato and pearlspot production in an aquaponic system

Biochemical profiling in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivar ‘Bhagawa’.

Not AvailableThe investigation on biochemical profiling in pomegranate cultivar ‘Bhagawa’ was carried out at experimental orchards located at ICAR-NRCP, Solapur. Fruit size, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, total phenolics, total and reducing sugars, total anthocyanin and ascorbic acid contents were measured at various fruit developmental stages. Significant increase in total soluble solids, sugar content, total anthocyanins and ascorbic acid was observed, however, there was significant decrease in total phenolic content and titratable acidityas the fruits advanced to maturity (MS1 to MS5 stage).The ratio of TSS/TA is an important factor for deciding fruit maturity. Moreover, the significant increase in TSS/TA ratio from second to third and fourth to fifth maturity stages (MS2 to MS3 and MS4 to MS5) was observed due to increment in TSS and decrement in titratable acidity. A correlation matrix revealed significantly (P<0.05) strong relationships among almost all the parameters assessed. TSS showed positive correlationwith pH (0.682) and strong negative correlation (r = -0.882) with TA. TSS was also found to be strongly correlated with total sugars, reducing sugars and anthocyanins. Though, total phenolic contentwas negatively correlated with other variables except titratable acidity. Therefore, right proportions of these biochemical constituents could serve as reliable maturity markers to determine optimum fruit quality and fruit readiness for harvest.Not Availabl

Preferentially oriented m-tuned WO3 thin-films photocatalysts for the multitargeted degradation of organic molecules

In this work, morphology-tuned tungsten oxide (m-tuned WO3) thin films are deposited on a glass substrate by a simple and cost-effective chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The deposition pH is varied to tune the physicochemical properties of m-tuned WO3 thin films. The m-tuned WO3 thin films show an orthorhombic crystal structure with a preferred orientation along the (020) plane. The morphological study demonstrated the conversion of ‘rice hull’ to ‘interlocked nanosheets’ to ‘reticulated nanosheets composed of nanorods’ upon changing pH, highlighting the significant role of pH in m-tuned WO3 thin film synthesis. The m-tuned WO3 thin films show good absorption in the visible-light region (390–780 nm) of the solar spectrum. The m-tuned WO3 thin films are used for the visible light active photocatalytic degradation of organic molecules such as methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (Rh B), and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). The optimized m-tuned WO3 thin film shows maximum photocatalytic performance of 95, 94, and 86 % in 180 min for MB, Rh B, and TC, respectively. The present study demonstrates the usefulness of the CBD method for the deposition of m-tuned WO3 and improved photocatalytic performance

High Yielding vs. Low Yielding Testers to Identify Advanced Breeding Lines for General Combining Ability in Dolichos Bean (<i>Lablab purpureus</i>)

<p>Plant breeders are often confronted with the task of selecting suitable parents for making crosses to maximize the probability of isolating desirable pure-lines in predominantly self-fertilizing species, such as dolichos bean. General combining ability (GCA) is one of the widely accepted measures for choosing parents for crosses. However, the choice of suitable testers to discriminate among breeding lines for GCA has been a debatable issue in crop breeding. Comparative ability of high yielding testers (HYT) and low yielding testers (LYT) to discriminate among advanced breeding lines for GCA in dolichos bean was investigated using two criteria: (1) range of GCA and (2) contribution of lines towards total variance of test-cross progenies. The range of estimated GCA effects of lines was wider when tested against LYT than when tested against HYT. The greater contribution of lines to the variance of crosses derived from LYT than those derived from HYT suggested better ability of LYT than HYT to discriminate among lines for GCA. Based on GCA effects, significant differences existed in the ability of HYT and LYT to discriminate among lines for their GCA effects and favored the use of LYT for studies designed to evaluate the breeding lines for their GCA effects in dolichos bean.</p