Positive and negative tone protein patterning on a photobase generating polymer

This study investigates the use of a copolymer containing O-acryloyl acetophenone oxime (AAPO) and a 4-acryloyloxybenzophenone (ABP) sensitizer as a platform suitable for the patterning of proteins. While low dose UV exposure (312 nm) of the acyloxyimino component photogenerates pendant amine groups at the polymer surface, rendering it protein repelling, the laser ablation method (337 nm) creates hydrophobic features on which proteins adsorb preferentially. These patterning methods produce negative and positive tone protein features, respectively. A critical factor that ensures the quality of the protein patterning is the unusual photodarkening effect for the exposure wavelengths, which concentrates the photoinduced physicochemistry at the very surface of the polymer. The versatility of the proposed patterning methods makes AAPO-ABP an interesting candidate for the patterning of proteins for biochip fabrication

Temperature stable low loss ceramic dielectrics in (1-x)ZnAl 2\mathsf{_{2}} O 4\mathsf{_{4}} -xTiO 2\mathsf{_{2}} system for microwave substrate applications

The microwave dielectric properties of ZnAl 2O 4 spinels were investigated and their properties were tailored by adding different mole fractions of TiO 2. The samples were synthesized using the mixed oxide route. The phase purity and crystal structure were identified using X-ray diffraction technique. The sintered specimens were characterized in the microwave frequency range (3-13 GHz). The ZnAl 2O 4 ceramics exhibited interesting dielectric properties (dielectric constant ( $\varepsilon_{r})=8.5$ , unloaded quality factor (Q u )=4590 at 12.27 GHz and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency ( $\tau_{f})=-79$ ppm/ $^{\circ}$ C). Addition of TiO 2 into the spinel improved its properties and the $\tau_{f}$ approached zero for 0.83ZnAl 2O 4-0.17TiO 2. This temperature compensated composition has excellent microwave dielectric properties ( $\varepsilon _{r}=12.67$ , Q u =9950 at 10.075 GHz) which can be exploited for microwave substrate applications. Copyright Springer-Verlag Berlin/Heidelberg 2004