Pilot Scale Production of Irradiated Natural Rubber Latex and its Dipping Products

One hundred and fifty kg natural rubber latex (NRL) before and after concentration were added with 3 phr (part hundred ratio of rubber) normal butyl acrylate, then the mixture were irradiated at 25 kGy by gamma rays of 60Co in pilot scale. The irradiated natural rubber latex (INRL) were then being to use for producing rubber products such as condom, surgical gloves, and spygmomanometer in factory scale. The quality of INRL and rubber products such as : total solid content (TSC), dry rubber content (DRC), KOH, VFA and MST number, tensile strength, modulus, elongation at break, extractable protein content, and response against Type I allergy etc. were evaluated. The economic aspect for producing INRL by means of Gamma Irradiator (GI) and Electron Beam Machine (EBM) such as payback period (PP), net present value (NPV) and internal rate return (IRR) were calculated. The results showed that the latex properties of INRL such as DRC, TSC, KOH, VFA, and MST number are not only found to the requirement of the ISO 2004 standard but also the latex has low protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content. The physical and mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at break) of rubber dipping products such as condom, gloves, and sphygmomanometer are not only found to the requirement of ISO 4074, ISO 10282, and ANSI/AAMI SP-1994 standards, but also the allergic response tested clinical latex-sensitive protein allergen by ELISA test on gloves, and by SPT test on condom are found to be negative. It indicates that production of INRL or PVNRL or RVNRL by EBM 250 keV/10 mA, was more cheap than by using gamma γ irradiator 200 kCi, or sulfur vulcanization. The value of PBP (payback period) was 2,1 years, NPV (net present value) was 4,250 US $, PI (profitability index) 1,06 and IRR (internal rate of returns) was 25,0%

Pilot Scale Production of Irradiated Natural Rubber Latex and Its Dipping Products

One hundred and fifty kg natural rubber latex (NRL) before and after concentration were added with 3 phr (part hundred ratio of rubber) normal butyl acrylate, then the mixture were irradiated at 25 kGy by gamma rays of 60Co in pilot scale. The irradiated natural rubber latex (INRL) were then being to use for producing rubber products such as condom, surgical gloves, and spygmomanometer in factory scale. The quality of INRL and rubber products such as : total solid content (TSC), dry rubber content (DRC), KOH, VFA and MST number, tensile strength, modulus, elongation at break, extractable protein content, and response against Type I allergy etc. were evaluated. The economic aspect for producing INRL by means of Gamma Irradiator (GI) and Electron Beam Machine (EBM) such as payback period (PP), net present value (NPV) and internal rate return (IRR) were calculated. The results showed that the latex properties of INRL such as DRC, TSC, KOH, VFA, and MST number are not only found to the requirement of the ISO 2004 standard but also the latex has low protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content. The physical and mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at break) of rubber dipping products such as condom, gloves, and sphygmomanometer are not only found to the requirement of ISO 4074, ISO 10282, and ANSI/AAMI SP-1994 standards, but also the allergic response tested clinical latex-sensitive protein allergen by ELISA test on gloves, and by SPT test on condom are found to be negative. It indicates that production of INRL or PVNRL or RVNRL by EBM 250 keV/10 mA, was more cheap than by using gamma γ irradiator 200 kCi, or sulfur vulcanization. The value of PBP (payback period) was 2,1 years, NPV (net present value) was 4,250 US $, PI (profitability index) 1,06 and IRR (internal rate of returns) was 25,0%

Uji Produksi Karet Tensimeter Be Bas Nitrosamin dan Protein Alergen dalam Skala Pabrik

UJI PRODUKSI KARET TENSIMETER BE BAS NITROSAMIN DAN PROTEIN ALERGEN DALAM SKALA PABRIK. Karet untuk tensimeter (Sphygmomanometer) berupa : bladder, balon, dan selang dari lateks alam iradiasi, telah diproduksi dalam skala pabrik di PT. Sugih Instrumendo Abadi, Padalarang dengan cara: Kompon lateks alam iradiasi dibuat dengan cara, lateks pekat divulkanisasi radiasi dengan sinar γ 6OCo pada dosis 25 kGy, dan kadar normal butil akrilat 3 psk (per seratus bagian berat karet), kemudian dibubuhi anti oksidan, dan dibuat karet tensimeter (bladder, balon, dan selang) dengan teknik pencelupan penggumpalan. Tiga faktor penting yaitu : suhu pemanasan (90 dan 100°C), waktu pemanasan (4 jam, 8 jam, 12 jam, 16 jam, 20 jam, dan 24 jam), dan teknik pencucian (air, larutan amoniak, larutan KOH) dan sifat fisik mekanik film karet (modulus, tegangan putus, perpanjangan putus dan kekerasan) telah dievaluasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pemanasan 90°C, dengan waktu 8 jam kemudian dicuci dengan larutan amonia atau larutan 0,5% amonia atau KOH selama 30 menit dan direndam 24 jam, merupakan kondisi optimum proses. Pada kondisi optimum tersebut, diperoleh film karet yang memiliki tegangan putus sebesar 24 MPa, modulus 600% sebesar 2,0 MPa, perpanjangan putus sebesar 1000% dan kekerasan sebesar 30 Shore A, dengan kadar protein terekstrak 72-11O μg/g dan kadar nitrosamina adalah nol. Nilai absorbansi ELISA dengan serum manusia peka protein alergen adalah 0% (negatip), bahkan respon serum karet tersebut terhadap kulit melalui uji SPT (spine prick test = uji tusuk pada kulit) adalah 0 (negatip), yang berarti karet untuk tensimeter tersebut bebas nitrosamina dan protein alergen

UJI PRODUKSI KARET TENSIMETER BE BAS NITROSAMIN DAN PROTEIN ALERGEN DALAM SKALA PABRIK

UJI PRODUKSI KARET TENSIMETER BE BAS NITROSAMIN DAN PROTEIN ALERGEN DALAM SKALA PABRIK. Karet untuk tensimeter (Sphygmomanometer) berupa : bladder, balon, dan selang dari lateks alam iradiasi, telah diproduksi dalam skala pabrik di PT. Sugih Instrumendo Abadi, Padalarang dengan cara: Kompon lateks alam iradiasi dibuat dengan cara, lateks pekat divulkanisasi radiasi dengan sinar γ 6OCo pada dosis 25 kGy, dan kadar normal butil akrilat 3 psk (per seratus bagian berat karet), kemudian dibubuhi anti oksidan, dan dibuat karet tensimeter (bladder, balon, dan selang) dengan teknik pencelupan penggumpalan. Tiga faktor penting yaitu : suhu pemanasan (90 dan 100°C), waktu pemanasan (4 jam, 8 jam, 12 jam, 16 jam, 20 jam, dan 24 jam), dan teknik pencucian (air, larutan amoniak, larutan KOH) dan sifat fisik mekanik film karet (modulus, tegangan putus, perpanjangan putus dan kekerasan) telah dievaluasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pemanasan 90°C, dengan waktu 8 jam kemudian dicuci dengan larutan amonia atau larutan 0,5% amonia atau KOH selama 30 menit dan direndam 24 jam, merupakan kondisi optimum proses. Pada kondisi optimum tersebut, diperoleh film karet yang memiliki tegangan putus sebesar 24 MPa, modulus 600% sebesar 2,0 MPa, perpanjangan putus sebesar 1000% dan kekerasan sebesar 30 Shore A, dengan kadar protein terekstrak 72-11O μg/g dan kadar nitrosamina adalah nol. Nilai absorbansi ELISA dengan serum manusia peka protein alergen adalah 0% (negatip), bahkan respon serum karet tersebut terhadap kulit melalui uji SPT (spine prick test = uji tusuk pada kulit) adalah 0 (negatip), yang berarti karet untuk tensimeter tersebut bebas nitrosamina dan protein alergen

Beberapa jenis gulma pada padi sawah/ Sundaru

76 hal.: ill.; 24 cm

Beberapa jenis gulma pada padi sawah/ Sundaru

76 hal.: ill.; 24 cm

Beberapa jenis gulma pada padi sawah/ Sundaru

76 hal.: ill.; 24 cm

Beberapa jenis gulma pada padi sawah/ Sundaru

76 hal.: ill.; 24 cm

Beberapa jenis gulma pada padi sawah/ Sundaru

76 hal.: ill.; 24 cm