DETERMINATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC ASSAY AND VALIDATION OF OFLOXACIN IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

Objective: The objective of the study is simple, sensitive; eco-friendly reverse phase chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of ofloxacin in bulk and marketed formulation. Method: The developed method was done using Hypersil silica C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μ particle size) as column and the mobile phase is containing water and methanol in the ratio of (10:90) vol/vol. The mobile phase pass at 1 ml/min flow rate and the eluted solution is measured at 270 nm using a PDA detector. Results: The assay method is linear from the concentration range of 5–30 μg/ml. The corelation coefficient is 0.9998. The mean percentage recovery for the developed method is found to be in the range of 98.4–100.6%. The developed method complies robustness studies. Conclusion: The validation of the developed method was done by as per the ICH guidelines. It obeys the linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness studies. Validation parameters are within the limitations. The results of the developed process indicated the reverse phase chromatographic method is simple, accurate as well as precise, rapid and eco-friendly method for routine analysis of ofloxacin in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form

PROSPECTIVE STUDY TO COMPARE INSULIN AND INSULIN ANALOGS IN TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS

Objective: To compare the safety and quality of life of insulin and insulin analogues in Type II Diabetic patients.Methods: 100 patients who are diagnosed with type – II diabetes milletus are taken.In these 50 patients are of insulin analogues and 50 patients are of conventional insulin The safety was based on number of hypoglycemic events.Data was collected by using the EQ-5D questionnaire and EQ Visual Analogue scale (EQ-VAS) to assess the quality of life from the patient.Result:The percentage of the patients who had hypoglycemic events in conventional insulin group is 54% (n=27) and insulin analogues group is 20% (n=10). Mean score points of QOL obtained by conventional insulin patients is 75.9 and by insulin analogues patients is 93.75Conclusion: Insulin analogues group has low risk of hypoglycaemia when compared with the conventional insulin.The patient group who are in No problem category are found to have better QOL. The safety and QOL statistical differences constitute less likely among insulin and insulin analogues. The use of insulin analogues will continue to advance our efforts at improving diabetes care and treated related adverse outcomes can be reduced

Natural Dyeing Using Bauhinia Purprea Flower on Selected Fabrics

The dyeing process for textiles has been practiced by humans since ancient times. There's been a great deal of focus on in the recent past on the process of natural dyeing because of the awareness of textiles that are eco-friendly and sustainable. As people's awareness of their own health increases, so do their demands that textile products be produced using dyes that are sustainable and friendly to the environment and dyeing techniques. On that basis, the eco-friendly natural dye was produced from the abundantly available "Bauhinia purpurea" flower in the current study. In this study, 100% silk woven fabric, 100% cotton woven fabric, and 100% cotton knitted fabric were used for dyeing (Bauhinia purpurea), and a color fastness test was carried out for all three samples. From the result, it was concluded that, among the three samples, the 100% silk woven fabric was the best due to its good color fastness test and dye absorbency

Preclinical Evaluation of the Possible Mechanisms of Anti-Hypertensive, Diuretic, Anti-oxidant Activities of Munthirikai Chooranam in Rodents

Munthirikai chooranam is a wonderful Siddha herbo mineral formulation which is indicated in Siddha texts as a best drug of choice to treat hypertension, vertigo etc., in order to scientifically evaluate this formulation, this drug undergoes physico chemical standardization, toxicity and pharmacological activity. 1. The organoleptic characters of the drug Munthirikai Chooranam was observed as brown, aromatic, astringent, fine powder, completely pass through sieve no 88 in nature. 2. The drug possess pH is 5.02, soluble in nature. 3. In phytochemical analysis the aqueous extract showed the presence of Alkaloid, Glycosides, Phenol, Triterpene, Flavonoid, Quinine, Protein in the sample MC. 4. The HPTLC analysis shows the fingerprints of the compounds present in the sample. 5. The presence of basic radicals such as Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Iron, Zinc were identified in this Munthirikai Chooranam. 6. The presence of acid radicals such as Sulphate, Chloride, Nitrate were identified in this drug. 7. In microbial load analysis, the bacterial and fungal load found within the normal limits. This confirms that the drug is safe for clinical use. 8. The FTIR characterization of the Siddha medicinal compound Munthirikai Chooranam confirms that the presence of some functional groups such as alcohol, alkane, acid, alkyl halide, aromatic, amine, alkenes. 9. SEM analysis confirms the surface morphology of the drug. 10. The XRD analysis confirms the crystalline nature of the drug. 11. The results of ICPOES study shows the presence of Aluminium, Arsenic, Calcium, Cadmium, Copper, Iron, Mercury, Potassium, Magnesium, Sodium, Nickel, Lead, Phosphorus, Sulphur. The heavy metals such as Lead, Arsenic, Mercury, Cadimium were identified as within the WHO permissible limits. This clearly explains that the drug Munthirikai Chooranam is safe for therapeutic usage. 12. There is no toxicity findings at the acute toxicity level determination. Based on OECD 423 the trail drug Munthirigai Chooranam is considered non toxic up to the dose of 2000mg/kg. 13. In 28 days repeated dose oral toxicity study in rats to evaluate the toxicity findings of the drug, the haematological, biochemical parameters, body weight are all remains in the normal level. After the drug administration, the histopathological findings were analyzed and those also revealed no abnormal findings. This indicates that there is no observed level of toxicity findings at these fixed dose levels of low dose 100 mg and high dose 200 mg. Hence the study confirms that there is no observed level of toxicity in the 28 days repeated oral drug administration. From toxicological study results the drug is free from toxic effects for human use at therapeutic dose level. 14. In SHR rats, the drug Munthirikai Chooranam reduces the blood pressure and heart rate in a dose dependant manner. This clearly explains that this Siddha medicinal compound having strong anti-hypertensive potential. 15. In DPPH assay, the drug Munthirikai Chooranam possess potent antioxidant property comparably higher than the synthetic antioxidant BHT. This confirms the antioxidant nature of the drug. These research works confirms that the drug is safe for clinical use. And the studies possess that the Siddha herbo mineral formulation Munthirikai Chooranam has anti hypertensive, diuretic and anti oxidant property

ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ATOMOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING RAPID HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE

Objective: A simple, novel, sensitive, rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for quantitative determination of atomoxetine HCl (ATH) in bulk and formulations.Methods: The chromatographic development was carried out on RP-HPLC. The column used as Xterra RP 18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μ particle size), with mobile phase consisting of methanol: water 80:20 V/V. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the effluents were monitored at 270 nm.Results: The retention time was found to be 5.350 min. The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization Guideline with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The calibration curve was found to be linear over a range of 2–10 μg/mL with a regression coefficient of 0.9999. The method has proved high sensitivity and specificity.Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the proposed RP-HPLC method was simple, rapid, precise and accurate which is useful for the routine determination of ATH in bulk drug and in its pharmaceutical dosage form

Pharmacological and Therapeutic action of Rasaushadhis in Netra Vikaras

The use of herbomineral preparations is vast in Ayurveda medicine. It also has significant impact on health of sense organs. The Netra Chikitsa utilizes Rasa Dravyas blended in different folds. The minerals are necessary for the normal function of the body. It plays as a catalyst, co factor for an enzyme and many more. The references of preparation and the therapeutic effect of herbomineral complexes are available in plenty. The complexes help in exerting faster action of the drug

QUALITY BY DESIGN-BASED OPTIMIZATION AND VALIDATION OF NEW REVERSE PHASE-HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF LEVOFLOXACIN HEMIHYDRATE AND AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND ITS PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

ABSTRACTObjective: Innovative application of quality by design (QbD) technique for simultaneous estimation of levofloxacin and ambroxol hydrochloride (HCL)in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form using reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method.Method: A method has been developed for the separation of levofloxacin and ambroxol HCL using RP-HPLC on C18 column (250 4.6 mm, 5 ml) withultraviolet detection at 306 nm. Experimental designs were applied for multivariate optimization of the experimental conditions of RP-HPLC method.Three independent factors: Acetonitrile content in the mobile phase composition, buffer pH, and flow rate were used to design mathematical models.Here, central composite design (CCD) experimental design was used to study the response surface technique and to study in depth the effects ofthese independent factors. Derringer's desirability function was applied to simultaneously optimize the retention time of last eluting peak (ambroxolhydrochloride) and resolution between levofloxacin and ambroxol hydrochloride.Result and Discussion: The predicted optimum assay condition consisted of acetonitrile, potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 5.00;potassium dihydrogen phosphate), and methanol in a proportion of 20:70:10% v/v, respectively, as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/minute.Using this optimum condition, baseline separation of both drugs with good resolution and a run time of <5 minutes were achieved. The optimizedassay condition was validated according to the ICH guidelines to confirm specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision.Keywords: Levofloxacin, Ambroxol hydrochloride, Experimental design, Response surface methodology, Derringer's desirability, Quality by designapproach

PERFORMANCE COMPARISON ON MEDICAL IMAGE SEGMENTATION ALGORITHMS

Image segmentation plays a crucial role in many medical-imaging applications, by automating or facilitating the delineation of anatomical structures and other regions of interest. In this paper explaining current segmentation approaches in medical image segmentation and then reviewed with an emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and showing the implemented outcomes of the thresholding, clustering

Effectiveness of programmed teaching on levels of knowledge and expressed practices regarding first aid management among primary school teachers at selected schools Vellore

Knowledge of first aid, which constitutes life saving treatment for injuries or unexpected illness is important for every individual especially children. Hence the knowledge of first aid among school teachers is essential for undertaking measures to prevent them. Statement of the problem : Effectiveness of programmed teaching on levels of knowledge and expressed practices regarding First Aid Management among primary school teachers at selected schools. Objectives: To assess the pre-test levels of knowledge and expressed practices regarding first aid management among primary school teachers. To assess the effectiveness of programmed teaching levels of knowledge and expressed practice regarding first aid management among primary school teachers. To find out the association between post- test levels of knowledge and expressed practices regarding first aid management among primary school teachers and selected demographic variables. Methods: The study adopted a quantitative approach and the research design was pre experimental one group pre and Post-test design. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used to select 30 primary school teachers in Anaicut. Result and interpretation: Regarding the effectiveness of programmed teaching the pretest level of knowledge mean score 18.9±2.99 and the posttest level of knowledge mean score was 25.3 ± 3.15 the mean difference of pre and posttest knowledge was 6.4 the calculated paired was significant at p<0.05 level. The pretest of expressed practices mean score was 5.5 ± 0.67 and the posttest mean score was 7.2 - 15.6 higher than the table value 2, which is significant at p<0.05 level. Square analysis, was to find out the association between the posttest levels of knowledge and selected demographic variables. It reveals that, residence, sex, teaching experience, are statistically significant at p<0.05 level. square analysis to find out the association between posttest levels of expressed practices and selected demographic variables, reveals that sex, residence, teaching experience, are statistically significant at p<0.05 levels. Conclusion: The finding of the study concluded that there was significant increase in the level of knowledge and good expressed practice of primary school teachers. After programmed teaching using video on first aid management among primary school teachers. The level knowledge increased and expressed practices improved due to effectiveness of programmed teaching