Accidental poisonings during the fumigation with phostoxin

Prikazan je slučaj smrtnog i tri nesmrtna zadesna otrovanja dece nastala, pri fumigaciji žila primenom Phostoxin tableta na šlepu. Do otrovanja je došlo usled nestručno izvršene fumigacije. Rad se iznosi sa ciljem da se ukaže na izvanredno teške posledice nepridržavanja odredbi Pravilnika o uslovima u pogledu kadrova i opreme, koje moraju ispuniti radne organizacije na poslovima zaštite bilja, a koje su predviđene Sl. glasnikom SRS 27/1966.One fatal and three nonfatal accidental cases of poisoning of children with phosphine are reported. The poisoning was an outcome of unprofessionally performed fumigation of the stored grain with Phostoxin tablets on a tug-boat. For the fumigation of 500 t of oat 675 tablets ( = 675 g PH3) were used. Two families with four children, who were moved out of the tug-boat before the fumigation started, returned 72 hours after the fumigation. The onset of the signs of poisoning occurred 24 hours after their return to the boat. The next day a child aged 6 died during the transport to the hospital. Particularly dangerous consequences of not following the regulations for the chemical plant protection are pointed out

Climate Variables Related to the Incidence of Human Leishmaniosis in Montenegro in Southeastern Europe during Seven Decades (1945–2014)

Leishmaniosis (or leishmaniasis) is a neglected parasitosis most commonly transmitted by the sandfly bite. Changes in temperature, precipitation, and humidity can greatly affect the vectors and reservoir hosts. This study aimed to determine the association between temperature, air humidity, and weather conditions with the incidence of leishmaniasis in Montenegro during a seven-decade period (1945–2014) and to statistically compare and correlate the obtained data. In the studied period, there were 165 registered cases of leishmaniosis, 96.4%, in the coastal and central region of Montenegro, with an average incidence rate of 0.45/100.000. The visceral form of leishmaniosis predominated (99% of the cases), with only one case of cutaneous disease. Climate factors (average temperature, air humidity, and precipitation) had an impact on the occurrence of leishmaniosis in Montenegro. Air temperature elevated by 1 °C in all regions of Montenegro was significantly correlated with an increased incidence of leishmaniosis, by 0.150 (0.013 to 0.287; p < 0.05). In order to improve prevention and control of this disease, it is also necessary to investigate other factors with a possible impact on the number of cases of this neglected parasitosis

The role of oxidative stress as a risk factor for rupture of posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms

Cerebral aneurysm affects 2-5% of the population and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms account for 1-3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Oxidative stress is known to contribute to the progression of cerebrovascular disease and it may be increased by inflammation, a key contributor to cerebral aneurysm development and rupture. The aim of this study was to examine the role of overall oxidative stress as a risk factor for rupture of PICA aneurysms. This study included 29 patients with PICA aneurysms: 18 ruptured and 11 unruptured. We determined catalase, malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase and carbonyl groups in homogenates of excised aneurysm tissue after surgery and plasma levels of C reactive protein and fibrinogen. The patients age and sex, size of aneurysms, multiplicity, history of previous subarachnoidal hemorrhage (SAH) and risk factors for oxidative stress such as hypertension and smoking were compared between unruptured and ruptured aneurysms. Maximal diameter and SAH history were independent predictors for aneurysm rupture. Activity of catalase was decreased while activity of myeloperoxidase, levels of malondialdehyde, carbonyl groups in aneurismal tissue and plasma levels of C reactive protein and fibrinogen were increased in patients with ruptured aneurysms. Plasma levels of C reactive protein and fibrinogen showed positive correlation with myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, carbonyl groups and PHASES score and negative correlation with catalase. These findings suggest that oxidative stress may contribute importantly to rupture of PICA aneurysms and plasma levels of C reactive protein and fibrinogen correlate with oxidative stress markers in tissue