The observed radio/gamma-ray emission correlation for blazars with the Fermi-LAT and the RATAN-600 data

We study the correlation between gamma-ray and radio band radiation for 123 blazars, using the Fermi-LAT first source catalog (1FGL) and the RATAN-600 data obtained at the same period of time (within a few months). We found an apparent positive correlation for BL Lac and flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) sources from our sample through testing the value of the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. The BL Lac objects show higher values of the correlation coefficient than FSRQs at all frequencies, except 21.7 GHz, and at all bands, except $10-100$ GeV, typically at high confidence level (> 99%). At higher gamma-ray energies the correlation weakens and even becomes negative for BL Lacs and FSRQs. For BL Lac blazars, the correlation of the fluxes appeared to be more sensitive to the considered gamma-ray energy band, than to the frequency, while for FSRQ sources the correlation changed notably both with the considered radio frequency and gamma-ray energy band. We used a data randomization method to quantify the significance of the computed correlation coefficients. We find that the statistical significance of the correlations we obtained between the flux densities at all frequencies and the photon flux in all gamma-ray bands below 3 GeV is high for BL Lacs (chance probability $\sim 10^{-3} - 10^{-7}$). The correlation coefficient is high and significant for the $0.1-0.3$ GeV band and low and insignificant for the $10-100$ GeV band for both types of blazars for all considered frequencies.Comment: 14 pages, 5 tables, 8 figures, accepted to MNRA

Simultaneous spectra and radio properties of BL Lac's

We present the results of nine years of the blazar observing programme at the RATAN-600 radio telescope (2005-2014). The data were obtained at six frequency bands (1.1, 2.3, 4.8, 7.7, 11.2, 21.7 GHz) for 290 blazars, mostly BL Lacs. In addition, we used data at 37 GHz obtained quasi-simultaneously with the Metsahovi radio observatory for some sources. The sample includes blazars of three types: high-synchrotron peaked (HSP), low-synchrotron peaked (LSP), and intermediate-synchrotron peaked (ISP). We present several epochs of flux density measurements, simultaneous radio spectra, spectral indices and properties of their variability. The analysis of the radio properties of different classes of blazars showed that LSP and HSP BL Lac blazars are quite different objects on average. LSPs have higher flux densities, flatter spectra and their variability increases as higher frequencies are considered. On the other hand, HSPs are very faint in radio domain, tend to have steep low frequency spectra, and they are less variable than LSPs at all frequencies. Another result is spectral flattening above 7.7 GHz detected in HSPs, while an average LSP spectrum typically remains flat at both the low and high frequency ranges we considered.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomische Nachrichte

Modulation of Circumstellar Extinction in a Young Binary System with a Low-Mass Companion in a Noncoplanar Orbit

The cyclic activity model of a young star with the low-mass secondary component (q = M2/M1 <= 0.1) accreting a matter from circumbinary disk is considered. It is assumed that the orbit is circular and the disk and orbital planes are non-coplanar. Sets of hydrodynamics models of such a system have been calculated by the SPH method and then the variations of the circumstellar extinction and phase light curves were determined. The calculations showed that depending on the model parameters and orientation of the system in regards to an observer the different in shape and amplitude light curves can be observed. An important property of the considered models is also the dependence of the mass accretion rate onto the components on the phase of the orbital period. The results of the calculation can be used for analysis of the cyclic activity of UX Ori stars and young stars with the long-lasting eclipses.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Estimating the Dark Halo Mass from the Relative Thickness of Stellar Disks

We analyze the relationship between the mass of a spherical component and the minimum possible thickness of stable stellar disks. This relationship for real galaxies allows the lower limit on the dark halo mass to be estimated (the thinner the stable stellar disk is, the more massive the dark halo must be). In our analysis, we use both theoretical relations and numerical N-body simulations of the dynamical evolution of thin disks in the presence of spherical components with different density profiles and different masses. We conclude that the theoretical relationship between the thickness of disk galaxies and the mass of their spherical components is a lower envelope for the model data points. We recommend using this theoretical relationship to estimate the lower limit for the dark halo mass in galaxies. The estimate obtained turns out to be weak. Even for the thinnest galaxies, the dark halo mass within four exponential disk scale lengths must be more than one stellar disk mass.Comment: 20 pages including 6 figures. To be published in Astronomy Letters (v. 32, No. 10, pp. 649-660, 2006

RATAN-600 multi-frequency data for the BL Lacertae objects

We present a new catalogue of the RATAN-600 multi-frequency measurements for BL Lac objects. The purpose of this catalogue is to compile the BL Lac multi-frequency data that is acquired with the RATAN-600 simultaneously at several frequencies. The BL Lac objects emit a strongly variable and polarized non-thermal radiation across the entire electromagnetic spectrum from radio to gamma rays and represent about 1% of known AGNs. They belong to the blazar population and differ from other blazars&#39; featureless optical spectrum, which sometimes have absorption lines, or have weak and narrow emission lines. One of the most effective ways of studying the physics of BL Lacs is the use of simultaneous multi-frequency data. The multi-frequency broadband radio spectrum was obtained simultaneously with an accuracy of up to 1-2 min for four to six frequencies: 1.1, 2.3, 4.8, 7.7, 11.2, and 21.7 GHz. The catalogue is based on the RATAN-600 observations and on the data from: equatorial coordinate and redshift, R-band magnitude, synchrotron peak frequency, SED classes, and object type literature. The present version of the catalogue contains RATAN-600 flux densities measurements over nine years (2006-2014), radio spectra at different epochs, and their parameters of the catalogue for more than 300 BL Lacs objects and candidates. The BL Lacs list is constantly updated with new observational data of RATAN-600.</p

Опыт подготовки аспирантов в странах постсоветского региона: от единой модели к разнообразию подходов

В статье анализируется институциональный ландшафт аспирантуры СССР последних лет существования, а также стран постсоветского пространства современности. В работе описывается практика подготовки научных кадров в странах постсоветского пространства, выделяются общие характеристики, обусловленные наследием советской системы, и особенности моделей отдельных стран. Эмпирическую базу исследования формируют архивные статистические данные СССР, нормативно-правовые акты и данные статистических служб, министерств и ведомств постсоветских стран. С помощью статистического анализа осуществляется оценка институциональной структуры и масштабов аспирантских школ, выбранных для исследования стран. Ключевым ограничением является дефицит необходимых для анализа статистических данных и нормативно-правовых актов по ряду стран. В результате исследования выявлено, что большинство постсоветских стран сохраняют черты советской аспирантуры по сей день. При этом на общем фоне выделяются страны Прибалтики, а также Грузия и Казахстан, чьи модели институционального устройства кардинальным образом отличаются от модели аспирантуры СССР.The article analyses the institutional landscape of doctoral education in the Soviet Union in the last years of its existence as well as in the countries of the post-Soviet space. We describe the practice of academic personnel training in the post-Soviet countries, highlighting the general characteristics determined by the Soviet legacy, along with the unique patterns of the countries. The empirical base of the study is formed by the Soviet Union archival statistical data, legal acts, and data of the statistical services, ministries, and departments of the post-Soviet countries. Statistical analysis is used to assess the institutional structure and scale of the postgraduate schools in the considered countries. The research reveals that most of the post-Soviet countries have preserved the features of the Soviet postgraduate school, while very few countries have created models of institutional structure with a fundamentally different configuration of doctoral education in comparison with the Soviet Union.Исследование проводилось при поддержке Российского научного фонда (Проект № 20-18-00140)

Generation of electrical energy at gas pipelines using a transported natural gas technological pressure drop

The article discusses the possibilities of generating electricity without burning fuel by expanding high-pressure natural gas at gas distribution stations with lower specific capital costs. It is proposed to reduce the pressure of the transported natural gas using expander-generator units instead of traditional throttle devices. Document type: Articl