13 research outputs found
Evaluation of carrot root susceptibility to damage caused by carrot fly (Psila rosae Fabr.)
Ocena stopnia uszkodzenia korzeni marchwi przez larwy połyśnicy marchwianki prowadzona była w warunkach polowych w rejonie Rzeszowa i Krakowa. Doświadczenia założone w latach 1999-2001 obejmowały polskie i zagraniczne odmiany i materiały hodowlane, wśród nich znalazły się obiekty otrzymane w programie hodowli odpornościowej, realizowanej w Międzynarodowym Instytucie Badań Ogrodniczych w Weelesbourne w Anglii (HRI).
Na podstawie procentu uszkodzonych korzeni stwierdzono istotne zróżnicowanie między badanymi obiektami. Najmniej podatne na żerowanie larw połyśnicy były: linia angielska DC 96367 i linie amerykańskie 0493 A i B oraz 7262 A i B o purpurowej barwie korzeni. Polskie materiały uplasowały się na średnim poziomie toleracji na szkodnika. Stwierdzono, że średni stopień uszkodzenia korzeni marchwi nie różnił się istotnie w kolejnych latach badań i wynosił od 27,2% do 20,6%. Na podstawie doświadczeń w 2001 roku założonych w dwóch miejscowościach, o zbliżonym nasileniu występowania połyśnicy wykazano, że lokalizacja plantacji również nie ma istotnego wpływu na stopień uszkodzenia korzeni marchwi.
Stwierdzone różnice genetyczne między obiektami w stopniu uszkodzenia korzeni wskazują, że hodowla odmian odpornych na szkodnika może przyczynić się do zmniejszenia strat plonów w uprawach marchwi i ograniczenia stosowania chemicznych środków ochrony roślin.The objective of research was to estimate levels of carrot root damage caused by carrot fly Psila rosae (fabr.). A three-year field experiment (1999-2001) was carried out at Kraczkowa near Rzeszów and Węgrzce near Kraków. In both locations large populations of carrot fly were observed. The examined cultivars and breeding materials were obtained from Polish and foreign seed companies and research institutes. Among them, accessions originating from the breeding programme for resistance to carrot fly carried out at Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, England, were included.
Significant differences in the percentage of roots damaged by carrot fly larvae were found. Line DC 96367 originating from England, as well as American lines 0493 A and B and 7262 A and B, occurred to be the most resistant to carrot fly. Polish accessions showed average levels of resistance. The differences between trial results in subsequent years were non-significant, and so were the differences between both sites in 2001.
Present results will be used as a starting point to new breeding project for resistance to carrot fly. Carrot cultivars resistant to Psila rosae would provide more effective pest control throughout the whole vegetation period. They would reduce the need for chemical protection, limiting thus the risk of the accumulation of pesticide residues contaminating the crop and the environment
Assessment of genetic variability among raspberry accessions using molecular markers
In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were used to investigate the genetic relationships in a group of 22 raspberry accessions. Fifteen RAPD primers generated a total of 324 bands, among them 94.1% were polymorphic. From ten used SSR pairs of primers, nine generated only polymorphic bands and the average percentage of polymorphism was 97.8%. Genetic similarity indices calculated on the basis of RAPD and SSR data indicated a wide range of genetic variability of the analyzed raspberry collection. Cluster analysis by UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic averaging) and PCA (Principal Component Analysis) clearly delineated the genetic relationships among all the accessions. The highest genetic similarity, determined on the basis of RAPD and SSR markers, was found between two Polish cultivars – ‘Polesie’ and ‘Polesie Żółte’, whilst ‘Jewel’ from USA, belonging to Rubus occidentalis, was found to be the cultivar that varied most from all the accessions. The obtained results confirmed the usability of RAPD and SSR markers for discriminating among closely related raspberries and for determining the genetic variability among cultivars. It might be helpful for breeders to plan their breeding strategy