Mild template synthesis of copper(II)-containing macrocyclic compounds in the CuII-1,2-diaminoethanedithione-1,2-ethanedione-1,2 and Cu II-1,2-diamino-ethanedithione-1,2-butanedione-2,3 triple systems into Cu2[Fe(CN)6]-gelatin-immobilized matrix implantates

The complexing processes in the CuII-1,2-diaminoethanedithione- 1,2-ethanedione-1,2 and CuII-1,2-diaminoethanedithione-1,2- butanedione-2,3 triple systems occuring in the copper(II)hexacyanoferrate(II) gelatin-immobilized matrix in contact with aqueous alkaline solutions (pH~12) containing 1,2-diaminoethanedithione-1,2 and ethanedione-1,2 or butanedione-1,2 under room temperature, and between MCl2, 1,2-diaminoethanedithione- 1,2 and ethanedione-1,2 or butanedione-1,2 in the ethanol solutions, upon heating up to ~80 °C, have been studied. In both systems indicated, template synthesis occurs in the gelatin-immobililized matrix but does not occur in the ethanol solution. As a result of template synthesis, macrocyclic CuII chelates with 2,7-dithio-3,6-diazaoctadien-3,5-dithioamide-1,8 and its 4,5-dimethylsubstituted derivative are formed in the gelatin-immobililized matrix. 1,2-diaminoethanedithione-1,2 and ethanedione-1,2 or butanedione-2,3 are the ligand synthons in the processes indicated. © 2007 Springer

Copper(II)- heterocyclic compounds with 4,5-dimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetraazaoctadien-3,5-dithiohydrazide-1,8 and 3,10-dithio-6,7,13,14-tetramethyl-1,2,4,5,8,9,11, 12-octaazacyclotetradekatetraen-1,5,7,12 obtained in gelatin- immobilized matrix as a result of template synthesis

Soft template synthesis of macrocyclic coordination compounds with 4,5-dimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetraaza-octadien-3,5-dithiohydrazide-1,8 and 3,10-dithio-6,7,13,14-tetramethyl-1,2,4,5,8,9,11, 12-octaazacyclo-tetradekatetraen-1,5,7,12 in the triple Cu(II)-thiocarbohydrazide- 2,3- butanedione system in the copper(II)hexacyanoferrate(II) gelatin-immobilized matrix has been carried out. Also, it has been established that similar process in the nickel(II)hexacyanoferrate(II) matrices does not occur under such conditions

Mild template synthesis in the Cu(II)-dithiomalonamide-formaldehyde ternary system

Complex formation in the ternary system Cu(II)-dithiomalonamide H 2NC(=S)CH2C(=S)NH2-formaldehyde in aqueous ethanol containing copper(II) chloride, dithiomalonamide and formaldehyde, as well as in thin-layer gelatin-immobilized copper(II) hexacyanoferrate(II) matrix implants contacting with alkaline (pH > 10) aqueous solutions containing the same organic compounds was studied. In the first case, a Cu(II) bischelate complex with singly deprotonated dithiomalonamide is formed exclusively, whereas in the second case template synthesis occurs to form a macrocyclic CuL chelate (L is 1,11-diamino-1,11-disulfanyl-4,8-diaza-6-oxaundeca-1,10-diene-3,9- dithione). In the latter case, dithiomalonamide and formaldehyde function as ligsons. The above-mentioned chelate is not formed on direct contact of the reagents in aqueus ethanol both in the presence and in the absence of Cu(II). A scheme of chemical reactions that occur in the system under consideration was proposed. © 2008 MAIK Nauka

Floating matter: a neglected component of the ecological integrity of rivers

Floating matter (FM) is a pivotal, albeit neglected, element along river corridors contributing to their ecological integrity. FM consists of particulate matter of natural (e.g. wood, branches, leaves, seeds) and anthropogenic (e.g. plastic, human waste) origin as well as of organisms that, due to its properties, is able to float on the water surface. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the FM cycle and the fundamental environmental functions FM provides along rivers. Indeed, FM serves as an important geomorphological agent, a dispersal vector for animals and plant propagules, a habitat, a resource, and a biogeochemical component. Furthermore, we collected data on the amount of FM accumulating at dams and in reservoirs, and related it to key characteristics of the respective catchments. River fragmentation truncates the natural dynamics of FM through its extraction at damming structures, alteration in the flow regime, and low morphological complexity, which may decrease FM retention. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps in relation to the role FM plays in supporting river integrity, and briefly discuss FM management strategies. (c) 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.This work has been carried out within the SMART Joint Doctorate Programme ‘Science for the MAnagement of Rivers and their Tidal systems’, funded by the Erasmus Mundus programme of the European Union (http://www.riverscience.it). We also acknowledge financial support through the Excellence Initiative at the University of Tübingen, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the German Research Foundation (DFG). OS is thankful for a partial support from IGB equal opportunity fund for young female scientists and DFG (SU 405/10-1). SDL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant agreement no. 748625

Template synthesis in the Cu(II)-dihydrazinomethanethione-acetone ternary system

Complex formation in the Cu(II)-dihydrazinomethanethione (H 2NHN-CS-NHNH2)-acetone ternary system in an ethanol solution containing CuCl2, dihydrazinomethanethione, and acetone, as well as on contact of gelatin-immobilized copper(II) hecacyanoferrate(II) with alkaline (pH >10) aqueous solutions containing the above organic compounds was studied. It was found that template synthesis is realized in both cases but gives different products: in the first case, a heteroligand chelate of CuL 1(OH) with 9-hydrazino-9-mercapto-4,6,6-trimethyl-2,3,7,8- tetraazanona-3,8-dienethiohydrazide and hydroxide ion is formed, while in the second, a chelate of CuL2 with 2,8,10,10,16-pentamethyl-3,4,6,7,11, 12,14,15-octaazaheptadeca-2,5,7,12,15-pentaene-5,13-dithiol. In both cases, dihydrazinomethanethione and acetone function as ligsons. A scheme of involved processes is suggested. © 2009 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Reerernces:

Mild template synthesis of a copper(II)-containing macrocyclic compound with 4,4,6-trimethyl-2,3,7,8-tetraazanonen-6-dithiohydrazide-1,9 in a gelatin-immbolized matrix

The complexing processes in the triple copper(II)-thiocarbohydrazide-propanone system taking place in a copper(II) hexacyanoferrate(II) gelatin-immobilized matrix in contact with aqueous-alkaline solutions (pH∼12), containing thiocarbohydrazide and propanone, have been studied. Template synthesis leading to a macrocyclic coordination compound with the tetradentate N,N,S,S-donor ligand, (4,4,6-trimethyl-2,3,7,8-tetraazanonen-6-dithiohydrazide-1,9), occurs under these specific conditions when thiocarbohydrazide and propanone are the ligand synthons

Template synthesis in the M(II)-thiocarbohydrazide-diacetyl triple system (M = Ni, Cu) in a metal(II)hexacyanoferrate(II) gelatin-immobilized matrix

Novel complexing processes in the CuII-thiocarbohydrazide- diacetyl triple system proceeding to a copper(II)hexacyanoferrate gelatin-immobilized matrix system in contact with aqueous-alkaline (pH 12) solutions containing thiocarbohydrazide and diacetyl, have been studied. It has been shown that mild template synthesis of copper(II) coordination compounds with (N,S,N,S)- and (N,N,N,N)- tetradentate ligands - 4,5-dimethyl-2,3,6,7- tetraazaoctadien-3,5-dithiohydrazide-1,8 and 3,10-dithio - 6,7,13,14- tetramethyl-1,2,4,5,8,9,11,12-octaazacyclotetradecatetraene-1,5,7,12 take place, respectively. At the same time, the complexing process in the system under examination, when it occurs in aqueous-ethanol solution between CuCl2 and the organic compounds indicated, leads to copper(II) coordination compounds with another (N,S,N,S)-tetradentate ligand - 3,9,10,16-tetramethyl-6,13 - dimercapto-2,17-dioxo-4,5,7,8,11,12,14,15-tetraazaoctadecahexaene - 3,6,8,10,12,15. In both cases, thiocarbohydrazide and diacetyl are ligand synthons in these complexing processes

Complexing reactions in the Ni(II)-5-methyl-4-amino-3-thiooxo-1,2,4-triazapentene-1-methanal and Ni(II)-5-methyl-4-amino-3-thiooxo-1,2,4-triazapentene-1-propanone triple systems

Complexing processes in the NiII-TTA-methanal (A) and NiII-TTA-propanone (B) triple systems (TTA - 5-methyl-4-amino-3-thiooxo-1, 2, 4-triazapentene-1) in ethanol solution and nickel(II)hexacyanoferrate(II) gelatin-immobilized matrix have been studied. In the NiII-TTA-methanal system, formation of NiII oligomeric coordination compounds in which metal chelate cycles are connected by -H2C-O-CH2- structural groups, takes place. In the NiII-TTA-propanone triple system, formation of only NiII complexes with TTA takes place. No complexing process in the triple systems in nickel(II)hexacyanoferrate(II) gelatin-immobilized matrix was found. © 2009 Taylor & Francis

Template synthesis in the M(II)-thiocarbohydrazide-diacetyl triple system (M = Ni, Cu) in a metal(II)hexacyanoferrate(II) gelatin-immobilized matrix

Novel complexing processes in the CuII-thiocarbohydrazide- diacetyl triple system proceeding to a copper(II)hexacyanoferrate gelatin-immobilized matrix system in contact with aqueous-alkaline (pH 12) solutions containing thiocarbohydrazide and diacetyl, have been studied. It has been shown that mild template synthesis of copper(II) coordination compounds with (N,S,N,S)- and (N,N,N,N)- tetradentate ligands - 4,5-dimethyl-2,3,6,7- tetraazaoctadien-3,5-dithiohydrazide-1,8 and 3,10-dithio - 6,7,13,14- tetramethyl-1,2,4,5,8,9,11,12-octaazacyclotetradecatetraene-1,5,7,12 take place, respectively. At the same time, the complexing process in the system under examination, when it occurs in aqueous-ethanol solution between CuCl2 and the organic compounds indicated, leads to copper(II) coordination compounds with another (N,S,N,S)-tetradentate ligand - 3,9,10,16-tetramethyl-6,13 - dimercapto-2,17-dioxo-4,5,7,8,11,12,14,15-tetraazaoctadecahexaene - 3,6,8,10,12,15. In both cases, thiocarbohydrazide and diacetyl are ligand synthons in these complexing processes

Ni(II)- and Cu(II)-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds with 4,4',6-trimethyl-2,8-dithio-3,7-diazanonen-6-dithioamide-1,9 Obtained in Gelatin-Immobilized Matrices in the Template Synthesis Process

Soft template synthesis of metalheterocyclic compounds with 4,4',6-trimethyl-2,8-dithio-3,7-diazanonen-6-dithioamide-1,9 in the triple systems M(II)- dithiooxamide- acetone (M= Ni, Cu) in the nickel(II)- and copper(II)hexacyanoferrate(II) gelatin- immobilized matrices has been carried out