Study on RAPD Molecular Distinction in Mulberry Varieties

The present investigation revealed that the mulberry plants are dioceious and cross pollinated with each other to produce fertile hybrid revealed a closer genetic relationship. This cannot be noticed at the species level. Usually traditional methods like morphological characters/traits are not very successful in establishing the diversity and relationship among different mulberry varieties because of environment influence. PCR based molecular marker method, RAPD was employed to study the genetic diversity and inter-relationships among 14 mulberry varieties. On an average, RAPD analysis generated 43 discrete bands/varieties with 5 arbitrary primers. The size of the amplified products ranged from 300-5000 bp with an average of 2-4 bands per primer. Of 43 amplified fragments, 41 were polymorphic (94%) with at least one pair-wise comparison between 14 varieties. RAPD analysis identified varieties specific amplification products, which will be useful in germplasm classification and introgression studies. These results suggest that RAPD based markers are useful for genetic characterization of mulberry speices/ varieties

Study on Leaf Moisture Status of some Mulberry Varieties as Influenced by Foliar Spray of Paras (Mulberry Garden)

Mulberry is a sole source of food materials and an important perennial crop grown primarily for foliage to rear the silkworm Bombyx mori L. For the production of cocoons. Among many other constituents, moisture content in V1 mulberry leaf as influenced by foliar spray and its retention for longer durations play an important role in the successful production of cocoons. The study conducted on seven mulberry genotypes growing as trees under rain fed conditions in Kanakapura showed that the genotypes differ in the leaf moisture and its retention, with V1 varieties recoded the maximum values. The moisture retention capacity after six hours and 12 hours of harvest in spring and early autumn was also significantly higher in V1 .This may be due to more thickness of upper cuticle cum epidermis, stomata of smallMulberry is a sole source of food materials and an important perennial crop grown primarily for foliage to rear the silkworm Bombyx mori L. For the production of cocoons. Among many other constituents, moisture content in V1 mulberry leaf as influenced by foliar spray and its retention for longer durations play an important role in the successful production of cocoons. The study conducted on seven mulberry genotypes growing as trees under rain fed conditions in Kanakapura showed that the genotypes differ in the leaf moisture and its retention, with V1 varieties recoded the maximum values. The moisture retention capacity after six hours and 12 hours of harvest in spring and early autumn was also significantly higher in V1 .This may be due to more thickness of upper cuticle cum epidermis, stomata of smaller dimensions and more thickness of the leaf and foliar spray of Paras.er dimensions and more thickness of the leaf and foliar spray of Paras

Enzyme kinetics of protease from Hypsizygus ulmarius

Enzyme kinetics of protease activity from ext. of edible mushroom, Hypsizygus ulmarius were carried out. The optimum pH and temp. for protease activity were found to be at 10 and 40°C resp. The pH and temp. stability profile shows that protease enzyme is stable under alk. conditions and up to 50°C. The ext. had the greatest activity in 1​% of casein as a substrate with Km and Vmax of 0.25mM and 0.45mM resp. The effect of metals on activity of protease was greatly enhanced with NaCl and NiSO4, However, 100​% activity was seen with addn. of FeSO4, and decreased with ZnSO4. Drastic inhibition of protease activity was seen in PMSF at 10mM

Evading and Averting the Sybil Attack in Manets Using Mac Hash Message Algorithm

The security loopholes present in the wireless network especially MANET makes it vulnerable and weak. Most of the users are much concerned about the very security of the network and hesitate to participate actively in the transactions. Very powerful and strange attacks are pinpointed by many research scholars in the past. The Sybil attack is one of the most detrimental attacks imparted on MANETS where plethora of authentic nodes are faked and forged to enable illegal entry into a network to disrupt the very security of the MANET. The Sybil attack acts and simulates like an existing node present in the network to get unauthorized access into the network. To prevent and evade this a new algorithm using the MAC is employed in this paper. The proposed algorithm MAC Hash Message – MHM algorithm will detect, prevent and eliminate the Sybil attack completely and provides a hassle free transaction to the nodes present in the MANET

Detecting Sybil Attack During Data Transmission Using Concealed Data Sharing Algorithm in Manet

As the mobile users are increasing sharply, the wireless or mobile ad hoc network data transmission is on the rise and gaining lot of attention from the research communities. The most important issue that has to be handled is the detecting the Sybil attack and increase the reliability and confidentiality of the data transmission. The foremost aim of this paper is to develop a mechanism to detect the Sybil attack early and evade the data loss and privacy to ensure credibility to the users. The proposed algorithm employs a concealed data sharing plan during the route discovery phase and detects and alleviates the attack to guarantee attack free data transmission in the MANET. The data sharing plan allows only the nodes that are trustworthy and permit the data to be transmitted across them, thereby evading the malicious nodes during the route discovery process and curtails the wastage of time and energy of the nodes

Preliminary Qualitative Phytochemical Screening of Edible Mushroom Hypsizygus ulmarius

Mushrooms are white rot fungi regarded as one of the well known food and possessing various kinds of biopharmaceuticals compounds. The present study aimed for screening and determining the bioactive compounds present in edible mushroom Hypsizygus ulmarius. Hypsizygus ulmarius was analyzed for total ash, water soluble extractive value, alcohol soluble extractive value and moisture content and which was found to be 4.31, 2.8, 0.4 and 10.4% /5gm of the sample powder respectively with light flourescene characters. Qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, glycosides, carbohydrates and proteins. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of Hypsizygus ulmarius was found to be 30.5mg pyrocatechol and 32.24mg Quercetin equivalent /g of dry mushroom powder respectively. Hypsizygus ulmarius may be considered as good source phytochemicals that can be used in pharmaceutical, medical and food additives (antioxidant). Furthermore, screening and characterization of secondary metabolites is warranted

Biosynthesis, Partial Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles from Pleurotus Species

Integration of microorganisms to nanotechnology is one of the key issues in nanoscience research. There is growing need to develop environmentally benign metal nanoparticle synthesis process that do not use toxic chemicals in the synthesis protocols to avoid adverse effects in medical applications. The use of microorganisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as an eco-friendly approach. In the present study, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using edible mushrooms Viz., Pleurotus pulmonarius, Pleurotus djamor and Hypsizygus (pleurotus)ulmarius, partial characterization of silver nanoparticle and its antimicrobial study have been reported. It was found that the aqueous silver ions of 1-5mM concentration were reduced to silver metal nanoparticles by nitrate dependent reeducate and a shuttle quinone extracellular process when treated with fungal supernatant of Pleurotus pulmonarius, in 24hrs(2mM); Pleurotus djamor in 48hrs(5mM) and Hypsizygus ulmarius in 48hrs(3mM). Partial characterization of synthesized silver nanoparticles, investigated by UV-VIS Spectroscopy showed increased productivity at 386nm with sharp and intense surface plasmon. It is found that silver nanoparticles are bound to protein through carboxylate group of aminoacid residues. The synthesized silver nanoparticle showed high bactericidal activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria . The mechanism of the Ag NP bactericidal activity is discussed in terms of Ag NP interaction with the cell membranes of bacteria

Biosynthesis, Partial Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles from Pleurotus Species

Integration of microorganisms to nanotechnology is one of the key issues in nanoscience research. There is growing need to develop environmentally benign metal nanoparticle synthesis process that do not use toxic chemicals in the synthesis protocols to avoid adverse effects in medical applications. The use of microorganisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as an eco-friendly approach. In the present study, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using edible mushrooms Viz., Pleurotus pulmonarius, Pleurotus djamor and Hypsizygus (pleurotus)ulmarius, partial characterization of silver nanoparticle and its antimicrobial study have been reported. It was found that the aqueous silver ions of 1-5mM concentration were reduced to silver metal nanoparticles by nitrate dependent reeducate and a shuttle quinone extracellular process when treated with fungal supernatant of Pleurotus pulmonarius, in 24hrs(2mM); Pleurotus djamor in 48hrs(5mM) and Hypsizygus ulmarius in 48hrs(3mM). Partial characterization of synthesized silver nanoparticles, investigated by UV-VIS Spectroscopy showed increased productivity at 386nm with sharp and intense surface plasmon. It is found that silver nanoparticles are bound to protein through carboxylate group of aminoacid residues. The synthesized silver nanoparticle showed high bactericidal activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria . The mechanism of the Ag NP bactericidal activity is discussed in terms of Ag NP interaction with the cell membranes of bacteria

Crystal structure of 10-[(3-oxo-3H-benzo[f]chromen-1-yl)methyl]-2-trifluoromethyl-9a,10-dihydrobenz[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4(5aH)-one

Crystal structure of 10-[(3-oxo-3H-benzo[f]chromen-1-yl)methyl]-2-trifluoromethyl-9a,10-dihydrobenz[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4(5aH)-on