Tanzanian manufacturing performance in comparative perspective

This paper presents a summary of new estimates of employment, nominal and real GDP in Tanzanian Manufacturing, 1961-1995. Time series of GDP and employment are placed in comparative perspective by linking them to benchmark level comparisons of GDP and employment for 1989. The first part of the paper (sections 2-4) deals with adjustments to nominal GDP, based on in depth analysis of the data of the 1989 industrial census, earlier census data and industrial surveys. Adjustments are made for undercoverage, omitted establishments, non-response and conceptual adjustments in the concept of value added. After adjustment, nominal manufacturing value added in establishments with 10 is substantially higher. The adjustments vary from 3% in 1978 to 127% in 1988. On average the upward adjustment is 52 per cent. New consistent time series of nominal GDP are presented both for aggregate 10+ manufacturing (1961-1995) and for six branches of manufacturing (1965-1995) The second part of the paper (section 5) focuses on the construction of a consistent long term index of industrial production, using weighted quantity relatives. The index is constructed for aggregate 10+ manufacturing and six branches. Corresponding indices of employment are derived, using the same adjustments for undercoverage, omitted establishments and non-response as in the case of GDP. The third section of the paper (section 6) presents a benchmark comparison of real value added relative to world manufacturing productivity leader, the USA. The benchmark uses average unit value ratio’s to convert value added for purposes of real comparisons. These unit value ratio’s are derived from the industrial census product listings in Tanzania and the USA, according to the industry of origin methodology of the international comparisons of output and productivity project (ICOP). Census listings contain quantity and value information, which are used to make product matches. In 1965 comparative labour productivity in aggregate manufacturing was around 9 per cent of the US level. It increased until 1973 to 11 per cent, followed by a long period of decline. By 1989 labour productivity stood at 3.7 of the US level.

Multi-field modelling and simulation of large deformation ductile fracture

In the present contribution we focus on a phase-field approach to ductile fracture applied to large deformation contact problems. Phase-field approaches to fracture allow for an efficient numerical investigation of complex three-dimensional fracture problems, as they arise in contact and impact situations. To account for large deformations the underlying formulation is based on a multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into an elastic and plastic part. Moreover, we make use of a fourth-order crack regularization combined with gradient plasticity. Eventually, a demonstrative example shows the capability of the proposed framework

Treatment approaches for dual diagnosis clients in England

Introduction - Dual diagnosis (DD, co-occurrence of substance use and mental health problems) prevalence data in England are limited to specific regions and reported rates vary widely. Reliable information on actual service provision for dual diagnosis clients has not been collated. Thus a national survey was carried out to estimate dual diagnosis prevalence in treatment populations and describe the service provision available for this client population in drug/alcohol (DAS) and mental health services (MHS). Design - A questionnaire was sent to managers of 706 DAS and 2374 MHS. Overall, 249 (39%) DAS and 493 (23%) MHS participated in the survey. Results - In both DAS and MHS, around 32% of clients were estimated to have dual diagnosis problems. However, fewer than 50% of services reported assessing clients for both problem areas. Regarding specific treatment approaches, most services (DAS: 88%, MHS: 87%) indicated working jointly with other agencies. Significantly fewer services used joint protocols (DAS: 55%, MHS: 48%) or shared care arrangements, including access to external drug/alcohol or mental health teams (DAS: 47%, MHS: 54%). Only 25% of DAS and 17% of MHS employed dual diagnosis specialists. Conclusions - Dual diagnosis clients constitute a substantial proportion of clients in both DAS and MHS in England. Despite recent policy initiatives, joint working approaches tend to remain unstructured

Beam Dynamics Studies for the CLIC Main Linac

The implications of long-range wakefields on the beam quality are investigated through a detailed beam dynamics study. Injection offsets are considered and the resulting emittance dilution recorded, including systematic sources of error. These simulations have been conducted for damped and detuned structures (DDS) and for waveguide damped structures-both for the CLIC collider.Comment: 3 pages, 6 figures, IPAC1

Lepton Mass Effects in Single Pion Production by Neutrinos

We reconsider the Feynman-Kislinger-Ravndal model applied to neutrino-excitation of baryon resonances. The effects of lepton mass are included, using the formalism of Kuzmin, Lyubushkin and Naumov. In addition we take account of the pion-pole contribution to the hadronic axial vector current. Application of this new formalism to the reaction nu(mu) + p --> mu + Delta at E(nu) approx 1 GeV gives a suppressed cross section at small angles, in agreement with the screening correction in Adler's forward scattering theorem. Application to the process nu(tau) + p --> tau + Delta at E(nu) approx 7 GeV leads to the prediction of right-handed tau polarization for forward-going leptons, in line with a calculation based on an isobar model. Our formalism represents an improved version of the Rein-Sehgal model, incorporating lepton mass effects in a manner consistent with PCAC.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures. Typos in eq. 9 and 27 corrected. Numbers in table I for coherent cross sections (RSA and RSC) corrected (normalization error). Figs 3 and 4 changed accordingly. These corrections also apply to the published version PRD 76, 113004 (2007