Erratum: Efficacy Management of Urolithiasis: Flexible Ureteroscopy versus Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To evaluate the efficacy of flexible ureterscopy (fURS) and extracorporal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) in the treatment of urolithiasis, complemented by a subgroup analysis of lower pole calyx. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Retrospective analysis of patients treated by fURS or SWL was performed by independent variables such as gender, age, nephrolith size, double-J stent (DJ stent) and stone localisation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Out of 326 patients, 165 were treated by SWL and 161 by fURS. Complete stone removal was achieved by fURS in 83.2% and by SWL in 43.0% (p < 0.001). Asymptomatic behaviour (88-89%) and complication rate (10-11%) were nearly the same in both methods. A higher retreatment rate for SWL was necessary; otherwise, an auxillary DJ stent was performed more often preoperative before fURS. The subgroup analysis of lower pole calyx confirmed these evaluations. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Complete stone-free removal was almost 8 times higher after fURS compared to SWL. The efficacy of fURS in treatment of urolithiasis is substantially higher than the efficacy of SWL

Stereospecific Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornadienes Employing Tungsten Oxo Alkylidene Initiators

We report here the polymerization of several 7-isopropylidene-2,3-disubstituted norbornadienes, 7-oxa-2,3-dicarboalkoxynorbornadienes, and 11-oxa-benzonorbornadienes with a single tungsten oxo alkylidene catalyst, W(O)(CH-t-Bu)(OHMT)(Me2Pyr) (OHMT = 2,6-dimesitylphenoxide; Me2Pyr = 2,5-dimethylpyrrolide) to give cis, stereoregular polymers. The tacticities of the menthyl ester derivatives of two polymers were determined for two types. For poly(7-isopropylidene-2,3-dicarbomenthoxynorbornadiene) the structure was shown to be cis,isotactic, while for poly(7-oxa-2,3-dicarbomenthoxynorbornadiene) the structure was shown to be cis,syndiotactic. A bis-trifluoromethyl-7-isopropylidene norbornadiene was not polymerized stereoregularly with W(O)(CHCMe2Ph)(Me2Pyr)(OHMT) alone, but a cis, stereoregular polymer was formed in the presence of 1 equiv of B(C6F5)3.United States. Dept. of Energy (DE-FG02- 86ER13564)Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) (Chemical and Biological Technologies, grant BA12PHM123 in the “Dynamic Multifunctional Materials for a Second Skin D[MS]2” program