Assessment of participatory management of irrigation schemes in Sri Lanka: Partial reforms, partial benefits

Privatization / Policy / Performance evaluation / Indicators / Operating costs / Irrigation management / Economic aspects / Returns / Participatory management / Farmer participation / Government managed irrigation systems / Small scale systems / Large-scale systems / Regression analysis / Models

Aerial mapping using high resolution digital camera and unmanned aerial vehicle for geographical information system

In aerial photogrammetry, aerial photographs are acquired using aerial camera and light aircraft as a platform. The aerial photographs are usually processed for mapping such as for production of topographic map and other special purpose map known as thematic map. However, this method is expensive and suitable for large area but it is not practical for mapping small area. This study concentrates on the use of high resolution digital camera and a very light platform known as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as data acquisition system in capturing digital aerial photographs. The acquired digital aerial photographs were processed using image processing software to produce digital map and digital orthophoto. The results showed that an accuracy of sub-meter can be obtained using the employed method. In Geographical Information System (GIS), it is quite common that topographic map and orthophoto are used as a base map. Hence, the findings from this study could also be used as an input for GIS. Not to forget, the photogrammetric technique could be used not only for mapping but it could also be used for any environmental protection and conservation

Pengaruh Penanganan Pasca Panen Terhadap Mutu Komoditas Hortikultura

Postharvest technologies are needed for horticultura commodities because its perishable characteristic. The technics are included cleaning, curing, sorting or grading, degreening, packing, and cooling. Especially in cooling application, there are two variables influenced characteristic of product i.e temperature and hummidity. Temperature of 0-7 ºC and hummidity of 90-95% are recommended to be used because very effective to decrease of water losses, material dextructive of bacterial, growth root, respiration, texture and color changing

Can social safety nets alleviate seasonal deprivation ? evidence from northwest Bangladesh

This paper examines the role of social safety-net programs in Bangladesh run by the government and nongovernmental organizations to mitigate seasonal deprivation in the country's highly vulnerable northwest region. Specifically, the paper explores whether social safety nets are limited to averting seasonal deprivation or can also address seasonality of income and employment more generally. Using a recent survey from the greater Rangpur (northwest) region, the paper finds that social safety nets have a positive effect on mitigating both seasonal and non-seasonal food deprivation. The results are robust, owing to the recent expanded coverage of social safety-net programs run by nongovernmental organizations active in the region. But given the annual recurrence of monga (seasonal food insecurity) in the northwest region owing to agricultural seasonality and an overwhelming dependence on agriculture for livelihoods, social safety nets are not a reliable tool for monga eradication. Programs are also needed to promote the income and productivity of the poor through diversification of income and employment.Safety Nets and Transfers,Rural Poverty Reduction,Food&Beverage Industry,Regional Economic Development,Housing&Human Habitats

Wastewater treatment and reuse: an institutional analysis for Hyderabad, India

River basinsWater pollutionSewageEffluentsPollution controlLegislationWaste managementWater qualityGuidelinesWastewater irrigationHealth hazardsRiceGrassesInstitutional reformCase studies

Concise Synthesis of Macrocycles by Multicomponent Reactions

A short reaction pathway was devised to synthesize a library of artificial 18-27-membered macrocycles. The five-step reaction sequence involves ring opening of a cyclic anhydride with a diamine, esterification, coupling with an amino acid isocyanide, saponification, and, finally, macro-ring closure using an Ugi or, alternatively, a Passerini multicomponent reaction. Three out of the five steps allow for the versatile introduction of linker elements, side chains, and substituents with aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic character. The versatile pathway is described for 15 different target macrocycles on a mmol scale. Artificial macrocycles have recently become of great interest due to their potential to bind to difficult post-genomic targets

A framework for efficient wastewater treatment and recycling systems

Water reuse / Wastewater / Recycling / Pricing / Water allocation / Cost benefit analysis / Wastewater irrigation / Developing countries / Developed countries / Case studies

Seasonal and extreme poverty in Bangladesh : evaluating an ultra-poor microfinance project

Microfinance is often criticized for not adequately addressing seasonality and hard-core poverty. In Bangladesh, a program known as PRIME was introduced in 2006 to address both concerns. Unlike regular microfinance, PRIME introduces a microfinance scheme that offers a flexible repayment schedule and consumption smoothing, as well as production, loans. It targets the ultra-poor, many of whom are also seasonally poor, with a severe inability to smooth consumption during certain months of the year. Besides providing loans, PRIME offers extension and training services. This paper uses a quasi-experimental survey design to evaluate PRIME against regular microfinance programs. The results show that PRIME is more effective than regular microfinance in reaching the ultra-poor, as well as the seasonal poor. PRIME also helps reduce seasonal deprivation and extreme poverty. Although the program has demonstrated its promise, it is too early to conclude whether the accrued benefits are large enough to contain both seasonal and chronic poverty on a sustained basis.Rural Poverty Reduction,Regional Economic Development,Food&Beverage Industry,Debt Markets

Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Materi Persegipanjang dan Persegi Setting Kooperatif yang Melibatkan Teori Bruner pada Kelas VII Mts Negeri Bontotangga

This is a development research focuses on developing mathematics learning tools of cooperative setting using Bruner theory. Learning instruments on this research include students\u27 book, studens worksheet, lesson plan, learning outcomes test of students in class VIIe of MTs. Negeri Bontotangnga. It used a Thiagarajan model (4-D) which consisted of several phases, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The developed learning tools were validated by two experts by the result of valid and 2 observers by the result on the good category. The trial was conducted in MTs. Negeri Bontotangnga by number of students were 25 people. The result of showed that the learning tools have fulfilled the criteria of practical and was classified on good category. The field trial revealed that the learning tools have fulfilled the criteria of effective, those are: (1) mathematics learning outcomes has fulfilled the minimum mastery criteria as much 88%, and directly the classical mastery also fulfilled; (2) students\u27 activities were run as expected; (3) students\u27 responses has fulfilled the criteria of positive response. Based on thet result, it can be concluded that mathematics learning tools of cooperative setting using Bruner theory fulfilled the criteria of valid, practical, and effective