EVALUATION OF IN VIVO ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF ROOT OF CRATAEVA MAGNA LOUR., ON STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Objective: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of the ethanolic extract of root of Crataeva magna Lour., on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) was used to induce the diabetes mellitus in rats. Afterward, the diabetic rats will be divided into four groups Group I rats served as diabetic control rats, Group II rats were induced diabetes and treated with standard drug through oral intragastric tube, Group III and Group IV were treated with ethanolic extract (200 and 400 mg/kg). Glibenclamide as reference was to evaluate the effect of the extract. Results: The administration of extract decreased the fasting blood glucose and body weight as well as increased level of total cholesterol and triglycerides which and decreased and HDL level. SGPT and SGOT level were significantly reduced in treatment group. Blood urea and creatinine were a significant difference in blood urea and creatinine. Conclusion: The extract of C.magna Lour. exhibited significant anti-diabetic activity evident from blood glucose level, body weight, serum cholesterol profile, SGOT, SGPT, serum creatinine, and serum urea level

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, TOXICITY EVALUATION OF POLYCARPAEA CORYMBOSA LAMK AND ITS EFFECT ON CANCER BIOMARKERS OF EHRLICH ASCITES CARCINOMA-INDUCED MICE COMPARED WITH THE REFERENCE STANDARD DRUG 5- FLUOROURACIL

Objective: The current investigation focuses on the study of efficacy of whole plant of Polycarpaea corymbosa Lamk in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) inoculated Swiss albino mice. Methods: The whole plant of P. corymbosa Lamk (WPC) was extracted with solvents of increasing polarity and their percentage yields were calculated. The major phytoconstituents present in the plant extracts were determined by standard chemical tests. Tumor was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of EAC cells (1×106 cells/mouse). The in vivo antitumor effect of extracts was assessed by monitoring the mean survival time, tumor volume, effect on hematological parameters, determination of lysosome specific cancer markers (cathepsin-D), β-D glucuronidase and acid phosphatase, liver marker enzymes (5’-nuclotidase and lactate dehydrogenase), membrane bound ATPase (Na+/K+ ATPase and Mg2+ ATPase), DNA, and RNA content. Results: The percentage yield obtained were 9.87%w/w, 7.88%w/w, and 16.56% w/w for petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extract, respectively. The phytochemical screenings of those extracts were performed. The order of activity of extracts was ethanol extract > ethyl acetate > petroleum ether. Among the extracts, Ethanol extract of P. corymbosa Lamk. showed a significant increase in life span and decrease in viable cancer cell number and tumor volume. The protective effect of the extract on the hemopoietic system at the dose 200mg∕kg was noted. The alterations in the hematological profile, lysosome-specific cancer markers, liver-specific cancer markers, and membrane-bound ATPases DNA and RNA were restored. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of P. corymbosa Lamk. possesses in vivo anticancer activity when compared to the tumor control group

The Role of Organizational Reality in Implementing Technology

Reports on the structurational model of technology which shows how workers who had the power to make the implementation successful affected the data that was collected and the extent to which management was able to use the technology to influence their work. Systems for recording job-related data; Analyzing organizational processes; Application of the structurational theory

Investigating the Impact of Essential Oil Preservation System in the Development of Lipid Based Niacinamide Cosmeceuticals

AIM: This work is to present current knowledge on essential oils with special focus on mechanism of antimicrobial action; assessment of their efficacy as preservatives in cosmetic formulations as well as their safety is carried out with the following objectives. Selection of Natural Preservatives/ Oils Optimization of Natural Preservatives/ Oils in various Bacterial strains. Determine the Minimum inhibitory Concentration of essential oils. The specific objective of the present work is to develop nano structured lipid carriers (NLC’s) loaded with Niacinamide using Natural Preservatives (Natural Essential Oils). To develop lipid based cosmeceuticals NLC using Niacinamide. To evaluate the physical and texture properties of the formulations. To characterize the prepared formulations. To evaluate the stability of the formulations over long term at room temperature.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: In general lipid based formulations face stability problems over a longer period of time due to microbial contamination which can often change the physical and chemical properties of the drugs and excipients. In the current study, an attempt was made to enhance the stability of Niacinamide loaded lipid based formulations for cosmeceutical purpose using a natural preservation system. Niacinamide loaded nanostructured lipid carriers were prepared for lipid based cream loaded with NLCs of Niacinamide were prepared to serve as a carrier for the delivery of Niacinamide for cosmetic purpose. Initially, essential oils like cinnamon oil, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, lavender oil, clove oil, lemon grass oil, castor oil, neem oil and their mixtures were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. The results indicated a better antimicrobial property for cinnamon oil. Hence, Niacinamide loaded nanostructured lipid carriers and the corresponding creams were prepared using cinnamon oil as liquid oil carrier. Niacinamide loaded NLCs were prepared from compritol, cinnamon oil and saponin by hot homogenization technique using ultra probe sonicator. The spherical shaped nanostructure lipid particles with a particle size of 83 nm showed a sustained release pattern across pig ear skin for around 90% of drug permeation in 48 hours. The prepared NLCs showed good antimicrobial activities with clear zone of inhibition. These Niacinamide loaded nanostructure lipid particles were loaded in a lipid based cream (prepared from cocoa butter, glyceryl monosterate, cinnamon oil, soya lecithin). Evaluation of the texture properties of the lipid cream loaded with Niacinamide NLCs showed good firmness and stickiness. Niacinamide NLCs and lipid based cream loaded with Niacinamide NLCs showed good stability during the initial 3 months without any microbial contamination. Long term stability studies are in progress to evaluate the stability of the lipid based formulations for a period of 1 year. Lipid based cosmeceuticals prepared using cinnamon oil as a liquid oil can be a good promising natural preservative against microbial contamination and can possibly enhance the stability of several other lipid based cosmeceuticals loaded with different types of drugs

A Comprehensive Review on Cucumis Maderaspatanus Linn.

Cucumis maderaspatanus L., commonly known as Madras Thorn or Maderaspatna cucumber, is a lesser-known plant species with significant botanical, ecological, and medicinal importance. This comprehensive review explores the taxonomic classification, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological review of Cucumis maderaspatanus. The taxonomy and morphology section elucidates the botanical characteristics of C. maderaspatanus, highlighting its unique traits and distinguishing it from related species within the Cucumis genus. The geographical distribution and habitat preferences of this plant are discussed, shedding light on its ecological significance, such as its role as a food source for wildlife and its potential in habitat restoration. Furthermore, this review provides an in-depth analysis of the traditional uses of Cucumis maderaspatanus in various cultures, emphasizing its value in folk medicine for treating a range of ailments. Recent scientific studies on its bioactive compounds, pharmacological properties, and potential applications in modern medicine are also discussed. These findings underscore the need for further research to harness the therapeutic potential of this under studied plant

Assessing Higher-Level Thinking Skills, Federation Schools of Accountancy Accounting Pedagogical Resource Series

This resource catalog is one of a series prepared for the Pedagogical Resources Committee of the Federation of Schools of Accountancy. The aim of the resource catalog series is to provide background information for instructors interested in enhancing classroom pedagogy. Each resource catalog focuses on a single pedagogical issue or approach. The catalogs are authored by educators who are familiar with the issue or approach in both their classroom efforts and research writings

A Comparative study of fine needle aspiration cytology versus fine needle non aspiration cytology Versus ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology in the cytological evaluation of thyroid lesions

AIMS & OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of fine-needle non-aspiration cytology (FNNAC) with that of standard fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and USG guided FNAC of thyroid lesions as regards to cellular and hemorrhagic yield. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 75 patients with thyroid lesions, out of which 25 cases underwent standard FNAC, 25 cases underwent FNNAC and 25 cases underwent USG guided FNAC. All the needle sampling procedures were performed by a single surgeon. The samples were then assessed cytologically using five parameters .i.e., background blood or clot,amount of cellular material,degree of cellular degeneration,degree of cellular trauma and retention of architecture and further categorised as unsuitable,adequate and diagnostically superior for cytological evaluation. RESULTS: Analysis showed that more number of diagnostically superior samples were obtained from FNNAC technique(72%) than that of standard FNAC(44%), whereas FNAC yielded more number of diagnostically adequate samples(52%) than that of FNNAC(24%), diagnostically inadequate samples were equal with both standard FNAC & FNNAC(4%). However, the diagnostic adequacy was equal in both FNNAC and standard FNAC techniques in thyroid lesions. On comparing FNNAC with that of USG guided FNAC, it was found that superior quality smears were more in FNNAC technique(72%vs 48%), but diagnostically adequate samples are more in USG guided FNAC than FNNAC(52% vs 24%). Also USG guided FNAC yielded fewer unsuitable smears. CONCLUSION: For highly vascular organs like thyroid , FNNAC is the preferred technique as there is better material with less admixture of blood by yielding more number of superior quality smears. The use of ultrasound enhances the diagnostic adequacy of FNAC by reducing the number of unsuitable smears obtained in smaller and cystic lesions

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of viper venom serine proteases

Snakebites are a major neglected tropical disease responsible for as many as 95000 deaths every year worldwide. Viper venom serine proteases disrupt haemostasis of prey and victims by affecting various stages of the blood coagulation system. A better understanding of their sequence, structure, function and phylogenetic relationships will improve the knowledge on the pathological conditions and aid in the development of novel therapeutics for treating snakebites. A large dataset for all available viper venom serine proteases was developed and analysed to study various features of these enzymes. Despite the large number of venom serine protease sequences available, only a small proportion of these have been functionally characterised. Although, they share some of the common features such as a C-terminal extension, GWG motif and disulphide linkages, they vary widely between each other in features such as isoelectric points, potential N-glycosylation sites and functional characteristics. Some of the serine proteases contain substitutions for one or more of the critical residues in catalytic triad or primary specificity pockets. Phylogenetic analysis clustered all the sequences in three major groups. The sequences with substitutions in catalytic triad or specificity pocket clustered together in separate groups. Our study provides the most complete information on viper venom serine proteases to date and improves the current knowledge on the sequence, structure, function and phylogenetic relationships of these enzymes. This collective analysis of venom serine proteases will help in understanding the complexity of envenomation and potential therapeutic avenues