Branching Ratio and CP-asymmetry for B-> 1^{1}P_{1}gamma decays

We calculate the branching ratios for B_{d}^{0}->(b_{1},h_{1})gamma at next-to-leading order (NLO) of alpha_{s} where b_{1} and h_{1} are the corresponding radially excited axial vector mesons of rho and omega respectively. Using the SU(3)symmetry for the form factor, the branching ratio for B_{d}^{0}->(b_{1},h_{1})gamma is expressed in terms of the branching ratio of the B_{d}^{0}-> K_{1}gamma and it is found to be B(B_{d}^{0}->b_{1}gamma)=0.71* 10^{-6} and B(B_{d}^{0}-> h_{1}gamma) =0.74*10^{-6}. We also calculate direct CP asymmetry for these decays and find, in confirmity with the observations made in the literature, that the hard spectator contributions significantely reduces the asymmetry arising from the vertex corrections alone. The value of CP-asymmetry is 10% and is negative like rho and omega in the Standard Model.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

Pertukaran Sosial dalam Program CSV Sambung Listrik Gratis oleh PT PLN (Persero) UIK TJB

Abstract CSV (Creating Shared Value) is different from CSR activities which in general only focus on Empowerment, Capacity Building, Charity and Infrastructure Programs which do not have to be directly related to the company's core business. In the CSV concept, companies must try to create shared value between the company and the community by taking into account long-term interests and making business activities a means of meeting the social and environmental needs of the community. In the CSV concept, companies play a dual role, namely creating economic value and creating social value simultaneously and together (shared) without prioritizing or setting aside one of them.This research focuses on identifying the shared values created from the Program CSV Sambung Listrik Gratis between PT PLN (Persero) UIK TJB and beneficiaries using the perspective of Social Exchange theory from Peter M Blau. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. The aim of this study is to identify forms of exchange (intrinsic & extrinsic) and patterns of exchange relations (balanced & unbalanced) according to Peter M Blau. The results of the research found that the exchanges in this program are intrinsic as well as extrinsic and the pattern of exchange relations is an unbalanced exchange with a subordinated position on the part of the beneficiary and the birth of power on the part of PT PLN (Persero) UIK TJB. Abstrak CSV (Creating Shared Value) berbeda dengan kegiatan CSR yang secara umum hanya berkutat pada Empowerment, Capacity Building, Charity, dan Infrastructure Program yang tidak harus berhubungan langsung dengan core business perusahaan. Dalam konsep CSV, perusahaan harus berusaha menciptakan nilai bersama antara perusahaan dan masyarakat dengan memperhatikan kepentingan jangka panjang dan menjadikan kegiatan bisnis sebagai sarana untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sosial dan lingkungan masyarakat. Dalam konsep CSV perusahaan memainkan peran ganda yakni menciptakan nilai ekonomi (economic value) dan menciptakan nilai sosial (social value) secara beriringan dan bersama (shared) tanpa mengutamakan atau mengesampingkan salah satunya. Penelitian ini berfokus pada identifikasi nilai bersama yang tercipta dari Program CSV Sambung Listrik Gratis antara PT PLN (Persero) UIK TJB dengan penerima manfaat menggunakan perspektif teori Pertukaran Sosial dari Peter M Blau. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah berusaha mengidentifikasi bentuk pertukaran (intrinsik & ekstrinsik) dan pola hubungan pertukaran (seimbang & tidak seimbang) menurut Peter M Blau. Hasil penelitian yang ditemukan adalah bahwa pertukaran dalam program ini berbentuk intrinsik sekaligus ekstrinsik serta pola hubungan pertukaran bersifat pertukaran tidak seimbang dengan posisi subordinasi di pihak penerima manfaat dan lahirnya kekuasaan di pihak PT PLN (Persero) UIK TJB

Ion-water clusters, bulk medium effects, and ion hydration

Thermochemistry of gas-phase ion-water clusters together with estimates of the hydration free energy of the clusters and the water ligands are used to calculate the hydration free energy of the ion. Often the hydration calculations use a continuum model of the solvent. The primitive quasichemical approximation to the quasichemical theory provides a transparent framework to anchor such efforts. Here we evaluate the approximations inherent in the primitive quasichemical approach and elucidate the different roles of the bulk medium. We find that the bulk medium can stabilize configurations of the cluster that are usually not observed in the gas phase, while also simultaneously lowering the excess chemical potential of the ion. This effect is more pronounced for soft ions. Since the coordination number that minimizes the excess chemical potential of the ion is identified as the optimal or most probable coordination number, for such soft ions, the optimum cluster size and the hydration thermodynamics obtained without account of the bulk medium on the ion-water clustering reaction can be different from those observed in simulations of the aqueous ion. The ideas presented in this work are expected to be relevant to experimental studies that translate thermochemistry of ion-water clusters to the thermodynamics of the hydrated ion and to evolving theoretical approaches that combine high-level calculations on clusters with coarse-grained models of the medium

Molecular packing and chemical association in liquid water simulated using ab initio hybrid Monte Carlo and different exchange-correlation functionals

In the free energy of hydration of a solute, the chemical contribution is given by the free energy required to expel water molecules from the coordination sphere and the packing contribution is given by the free energy required to create the solute-free coordination sphere (the observation volume) in bulk water. With the SPC/E water model as a reference, we examine the chemical and packing contributions in the free energy of water simulated using different electron density functionals. The density is fixed at a value corresponding to that for SPC/E water at a pressure of 1 bar. The chemical contribution shows that water simulated at 300 K with BLYP is somewhat more tightly bound than water simulated at 300 K with the revPBE functional or at 350 K with the BLYP and BLYP-D functionals. The packing contribution for various radii of the observation volume is studied. In the size range where the distribution of water molecules in the observation volume is expected to be Gaussian, the packing contribution is expected to scale with the volume of the observation sphere. Water simulated at 300 K with the revPBE and at 350 K with BLYP-D or BLYP conforms to this expectation, but the results suggest an earlier onset of system size effects in the BLYP 350 K and revPBE 300 K systems than that observed for either BLYP-D 350 K or SPC/E. The implication of this observation for constant pressure simulations is indicated. For water simulated at 300 K with BLYP, in the size range where Gaussian distribution of occupation is expected, we instead find non-Gaussian behavior, and the packing contribution scales with surface area of the observation volume, suggesting the presence of heterogeneities in the system

Branching ratio for B -> K_1 gamma decay in next-to-leading order in LEET

Branching ratio for B -> K_1 gamma at next-to-leading order of alpha_s has been calculated in Large Energy Effective Theory. By incorporating the higher twist effects in light cone decay amplitude for axial K-meson, it is shown that the form factor is not sensitive to these twists.Comment: 9 postscript figures, text 9 page

Exploring the Unitarity Triangle through CP violation observables in Bs→K+K−B_s \to K^+ K^-

We discuss the determination of the CKM parameters from the forthcoming $CP$ violation observables in $B_s \to K^+ K^-$ decays. Combining the information on mixing induced CP violation in $B_s \to K^+ K^-$, with the $B_d \to J/\psi K_s$ precision observable $\sin 2\beta$ and the $B^0_s$--$\bar{B^0_s}$ mixing phase $\phi_s$, we propose a determination of the unitarity triangle $(\bar\rho, \bar\eta)$. Computing the penguin parameters $(r, \theta)$ within QCD factorization yield precise determination of $(\bar\rho, \bar\eta)$, reflected by a weak dependence on the $\theta$ which is shown as a second order effect. The impact of the direct CP violation observable $C_{KK}$ on the penguin parameters are investigated and a lower bound on $C_{KK}$ is extracted. We also discuss the effect of the $B^0_s$--$\bar{B^0_s}$ new physics mixing phase on the penguin parameters $(r, \theta)$ and $S_{KK}$. Using the SU(3)-flavour symmetry argument and the current $B$-factories data provided by the $B_d \to \pi^+ \pi^-$ modes, we complement the $B_s \to K^+ K^-$ CP-violating observables in a variety of ways, in particular we find that $S_{KK}>0$. Finally we analyze systematically the SU(3)-symmetry breaking factor within QCD factorization.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, typos corrected, reference and some remarks adde

OPTIMALISASI PENDISTRIBUSIAN PUPUK DI WILAYAH SULAWESI TENGAH MELALUI MODEL TRANSSHIPMENT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE VOGEL APPROXIMATION

OPTIMALISASI PENDISTRIBUSIAN PUPUK DI WILAYAH SULAWESI TENGAH MELALUI MODEL TRANSSHIPMENT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE VOGEL APPROXIMATIO

Exclusive B-meson Rare Decays and General Relations of Form Factors in Effective Field Theory of Heavy Quarks

B meson rare decays ($B\to K(K^{*})l\bar l$ and $B\to K^*\gamma$) are analyzed in the framework of effective field theory of heavy quarks. The semileptonic and penguin type form factors for these decays are calculated by using the light cone sum rules method at the leading order of $1/m_Q$ expansion. Four exact relations between the two types of form factors are obtained at the leading order of $1/m_Q$ expansion. Of particular, the relations are found to hold for whole momentum transfer region. We also investigate the validity of the relations resulted from the large energy effective theory based on the general relations obtained in the present approach. The branching ratios of the rare decays are presented and their potential importance for extracting the CKM matrix elements and probing new physics is emphasized.Comment: 23 pages, Revtex, 32 figures, published version with the errors of numerical results caused by the computer program are correcte