Revisiting νμ(νˉμ)\nu_\mu(\bar\nu_\mu) and νe(νˉe)\nu_e(\bar\nu_e) Induced Quasielastic Scattering from Nuclei in Sub-GeV Energy Region

We present the results of charged current quasielastic(CCQE) scattering cross sections from free as well as bound nucleons like in $^{12}C$, $^{16}O$, $^{40}Ar$ and $^{208}Pb$ nuclear targets in $E_\nu(_{\bar\nu})~\le~$1 GeV energy region. The results are obtained using local Fermi gas model with and without RPA effect. The differences those may arise in the electron and muon production cross sections due to the different lepton mass, uncertainties in the axial dipole mass $M_A$ and pseudoscalar form factor, and due to the inclusion of second class currents have been highlighted for neutrino/antineutrino induced processes.Comment: Published in Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (NuInt-2015

Polymer Dissolution Model: An Energy Adaptation Of The Critical Ionization Theory

The current scale of features size in the microelectronics industry has reached the point where molecular level interactions affect process fidelity and produce excursions from the continuum world like line edge roughness (LER). Here we present a 3D molecular level model based on the adaptation of the critical ionization (CI) theory using a fundamental interaction energy approach. The model asserts that it is the favorable interaction between the ionized part of the polymer and the developer solution which renders the polymer soluble. Dynamic Monte Carlo methods were used in the current model to study the polymer dissolution phenomenon. The surface ionization was captured by employing an electric double layer at the interface, and polymer motion was simulated using the Metropolis algorithm. The approximated interaction parameters, for different species in the system, were obtained experimentally and used to calibrate the simulated dissolution rate response to polymer molecular weight and developer concentration. The predicted response is in good agreement with experimental dissolution rate data. The simulation results support the premise of the CI theory and provide an insight into the CI model from a new prospective. This model may provide a means to study the contribution of development to LER and other related defects based on molecular level interactions between distinct components in the polymer and the developer.Chemical Engineerin

Engineered Exosomes for the Multimodal Imaging Directed Photo-Immunotherapy of Colorectal Cancer

Background: Rio Grande Valley experience severe cancer health disparity. A novel therapeutic modality may serve as better therapeutic option. Nanohybrids endowed with multifunctionality, longer circulation time, large surface area have emerged as an active preference for cancer research. However, rising concern of nanomaterials toxicity and scalability issues has slowed their translation to clinics. Exosomes (Exo) are endogenous endocytic origin 40-100 nm vesicles found in various body fluids, which in comparison to synthetic nanoparticles, are biodegradable, highly biocompatible as well as immunocompatible in nature. Although bulk isolation of exosomes from human body fluids is still a problem and engineering of exosomes to harness its potential is still in infancy. Methods: The Exo were isolated from dairy milk using EDTA precipitation method, and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by ammonium hydroxide co-precipitation method. The Exo were sonicated (60 sec) with MNPs and near-infrared (NIR) light-absorbing dye indocyanine green (ICG) and then incubated overnight at 37 oC. The characterization of ICG@Exo-MNPs was done using several techniques. The targeting nature of ICG@Exo-MNPs was determined on colorectal cancer cells SW480 and SW680. The phototransduction and in-vitro photothermal therapy were performed using 1W, 808 nm NIR laser. Results: The ICG@Exo-MNPs nanohybrid found to have size around 100 nm with good dispersity. The coating of exosomes and magnetic field actuation increased the targeting efficacy of ICG@Exo-MNPs in colorectal cancer cells by 10% in SW40 and 30% in SW680. ICG@Exo-MNPs killed the SW480 cells to more than 80% within 2 min. of NIR light irradiation. Conclusions: This study shows enhanced photothermal therapeutic behavior of ICG@Exo-MNPs for near-infrared fluorescence imaging directing killing of colorectal cancer cells

A Method for Two Face Detection and Comparison using Image Processing with MATLAB Techniques

This Research paper designing for two photos face similarity comparison method, first we have to capture camera picture for 13 megapixels of two faces Image. It should be set by Photoshop software from size between 1.5MB to 1.7 MB. The all sample Images to attach in MATLAB software and cerate joint Histogram graph for each Image. Then we get scaling (X, Y) coordinate for each joint Histogram minimum and maximum peak point. Then it should be stored in table format in Ms-Access before the table creation then we used to image processing technique in MATLAB .Then we create coddling sections to compared (Xi,Yi) and (Xj,Yj) where (i = 1,2,3.?.) and (j = 1,2,3,4?.) values. If Xi = Xj and Yi = Yj for each point if both point value are same then output will be ?similar image ? otherwise ? images are not same ?

A Novel Exo-Glow Nano-system for Cellular Imaging

Background: Indocyanine green (ICG) based Near-Infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging is an attractive and safer technique used for number of clinical applications. However, ICG tend to have poor photostability, short half-life, non-specific proteins binding, and concentration-dependent aggregation. Therefore, there is an unmet clinical need to develop newer modalities to package and deliver ICG. Bovine milk exosomes are natural, biocompatible, safe, and feasible nanocarriers that facilitate the delivery of micro and macro molecules. Herein, we developed a novel exosomes based ICG nano imaging system that offers improved solubility and photostability of ICG. Methods: Following acetic acid based extracellular vesicles (EV) extraction method, we extracted the bovine milk exosomes from a variety of pasteurized fat-free milks. The EVs were screened for their physicochemical properties such as particle size and concentration, and zeta potential. Stability of these exosomes was also determined under different conditions including storage temperatures, pH, and salt concentrations. Next, ICG dye was loaded into these exosomes (Exo-Glow) via sonication method and further assessed for its fluorescence intensity and photostability using an IVIS imaging system. Results: Initial screening suggested that size of the selected bovine milk exosomes was from 100 - 135 nm with an average particle concentration of 5.8x102 particles/mL. Exo-Glow (ICG loaded exosomes) further showed higher fluorescence intensity of ~ 2x1010 MFI compared to free ICG (~ 8.1x109 MFI). Conclusions: These results showed that Exo-Glow has the potential to improve solubility, photostability, and biocompatibility of ICG and may serve as a safer NIR imaging tool for cells/tissues

Enzymatic synthesis of isopropyl myristate using immobilized lipase from Bacillus cereus MTCC 8372

A purified alkaline thermo-tolerant bacterial lipase from Bacillus cereus MTCC 8372 was immobilized on a Poly (MAc- co -DMA- cl -MBAm) hydrogel. The hydrogel showed approximately 94% binding capacity for lipase. The immobilized lipase (2.36 IU) was used to achieve esterification of myristic acid and isopropanol in n -heptane at 65 &deg;C under continuous shaking. The myristic acid and isopropanol when used at a concentration of 100 mM each in n -heptane resulted in formation of isopropyl myristate (66.0 &plusmn; 0.3 mM) in 15 h. The reaction temperature below or higher than 65&deg;C markedly reduced the formation of isopropyl myristate. Addition of a molecular sieve (3 &Aring; &times; 1.5 mm) to the reaction mixture drastically reduced the ester formation. The hydrogel bound lipase when repetitively used to perform esterification under optimized conditions resulted in 38.0 &plusmn; 0.2 mM isopropyl myristate after the 3 rd cycle of esterification.<br /