Characterization of Ingested Plastic Microparticles Extracted from Sea Turtle Post-Hatchlings at Necropsy

Inadvertent consumption of latent microplastics is a lethal challenge for developing creatures in aquatic environments. There are compelling needs to classify which kinds of plastics are most likely to be encountered by sea creatures and to develop mitigation strategies to reduce exposure. We analyzed an ensemble of microplastic particle fragments isolated from sea turtle post-hatchlings to identify their composition and other features and attributes. These microplastic particles were likely consumed by post-hatchlings because of the adsorbed biofilm formation mimicking normal food sources. Of the hundreds of particles that were collected, 30 were selected for analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and density assessment to identify them compared with other compositional libraries. These thermophysical measurements were also compared with observational assessments via optical microscopy. Of the particles tested, nearly all were polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene. The melting points of the extracted polymers were typically lower than for product grades of these resins, indicative of some level of degradation. Spectral analysis by FTIR often showed absorption indicative of new chemistries likely from both hydrolysis and biofilm growth observed on the surface that was subsequently investigated through surface abrading. Separate assessments of density of these particles were conducted and tended to reinforce identification via FTIR and DSC. The density results can be misleading if additives, fillers or biofilms that form alter the particle density relative to those of the neat resins. We suggest that since post-hatchlings commonly feed in the neritic or nearshore environment, less dense polymers are more likely to convey, thereby threatening sea turtle hatchlings who consume them inadvertently.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/175170/2/microplastics-01-00018-v3.pdfPublished onlineDescription of microplastics-01-00018-v3.pdf : Published versio

An improvement of the IGMK model to derive total and diffuse solar radiation at the surface from satellite data

With 22 figs., 2 tabs.SIGLETIB: RA 3251(90/E/16) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

The visual divide

Climate change is a playground for visualization. Yet research and technological innovations in visual communication and data visualization do not account for a substantial part of the world’s population: vulnerable audiences with low levels of literacy