Surgical repair of D-TGA with an aortopulmonary window and ventricular septal defects

D-Transposition of great arteries with an aortopulmonary window is a rare congenital anomaly. We describe a case of D-Transposition of great arteries with an aortopulmonary window and multiple ventricular septal defects in a 5-month boy who underwent successful surgical repair

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Not AvailableTraditionally farmers cultivate conven- tional crops like sorghum, bajra, castor, paddy, red gram, etc. in the drylands depending on their resources which are vulnerable to vagaries of monsoon, pests and diseases leading to crop failure. The problem is further aggravated with fluc- tuating market price of their produce for various reasons like drought, government policies, transient waterlogging, interfe- rence by middlemen, etc. Although the productivity of these crops has improved significantly with the advent of new technologies (variety, agronomic practic- es, etc), improved income to the farmers in the same tune is missing. In the last ten years, area under green chilly and green leafy vegetables (coriander, mint, fenugreek) cultivation has increased almost 10% over 2010, which indicates the increasing preference of farmers towards them1 (Figure 1). Though the Government of India (GoI) is encourag- ing doubling the income of farmers, the risk-taking capacity of marginal farmers with marginal soil type is poor. Hence, an enterprise with low investment for a portable piece of land with tremendous income opportunities is highly pro- fitable.Not Availabl

Experimental investigation of flat plate closed loop pulsating heat pipe

Pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) have promised to be effective heat spreaders. From the fabrication perspective, the PHPs are less intensive than their conventional counterparts. Despite the advantages, there still exists shortage of data in both experimental and analytical domains towards reliable design and prediction of PHP performance. In this study, a flat plate closed loop PHP has been experimentally investigated for its thermal performance. The PHP with 12 channels, each 2.2 mm deep x 2.0 mm wide, was tested with deionized water for a fill ratio of 70% by volume for various orientations starting from vertical evaporator below condenser (90 degrees) to near horizontal (7.5 degrees) orientation for a single heat load of 50 W to calibrate the test setup against published literature. The PHP was also tested for methanol with various fill ratios (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70%) for 50 W. The best performing fill ratio of methanol was tested for various heat loads (10 to 100 W) for the vertical and the near horizontal orientation. An attempt has been made to resolve the critical angle after which the PHP ceases to perform when tilted towards horizontal orientation. The PHP performance as expected was best at the 90 degrees (vertical) orientation with very little deterioration up to 45 degrees. The thermal resistances were estimated for two fluids, for various orientations, heat loads and fill ratios. The results indicate that at near horizontal orientation methanol performed better than water for 70% fill ratio. The 40% fill ratio of methanol yielded the least thermal resistance for all orientations. Also the thermal resistance of the PHP decreased with increasing heat load for different orientations. The PHP operated successfully up to 7.5-10 degrees below which the PHP was observed to have dry out

Study of Pulmonary Arterial Pressures and Histopathological Changes in Patients Having Congenital Heart Defects with Left-to-Right Shunt

Pulmonary arterial hypertension, a common complication in patients with congenital heart defects with left-to-right shunt who present late is one of the principal determinants of the clinical manifestations, the course and the feasibility of surgical repair. The objective is to study the pulmonary arterial pressures and the pulmonary histopathological changes in patients having congenital heart defects with left-to-right shunt. A total of 20 consecutive patients having congenital heart defects with left-to- right shunt who underwent surgical correction were studied. Intra-operative mean pulmonary arterial pressures were measured before and after surgical correction. Lung biopsy was taken to study the histopathological changes of lung parenchyma and vasculature. All patients, irrespective of age at the time of surgical repair and the type and size of the cardiac defect had raised mean pulmonary arterial pressures that were decreased significantly immediately after surgical correction. Pulmonary parenchymal changes and vascular changes were noted in 18 and 9 patients respectively. The pulmonary vascular changes were significantly correlated with the mean pulmonary arterial pressures. The pulmonary parenchymal changes though were a consistent finding; not significantly correlated with the mean pulmonary arterial pressures