3D Bioprinted Sustained-Release Platform for Intravaginal Delivery of Probiotics

• Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the most prevalent vaginal infection, affecting 30% of reproductive age women in the United States and worldwide. • BV is characterized by a shift in the vaginal microbiome from a dominance of Lactobacilli to the overgrowth of vaginal pathogens (specifically Gardnerella vaginalis). • Some common complications include adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased risk for sexually transmitted diseases. • Current treatment primarily involves antibiotics, but this is ineffective due to high antibiotic resistance and BV recurrence rates of 50%. Thus, a more permanent cure is sought. • Lactobacilli probiotics are a promising alternative to antibiotics. They have shown success in reestablishing healthy flora, inhibiting pathogen growth, and reducing recurrence. • Probiotics have been administered both orally and intravaginally, but vaginal delivery is preferred. • Unfortunately, present vaginal dosage forms require frequent administration, thereby decreasing user adherence and efficacy. • Only one sustained release probiotic dosage form, in the form of pod intravaginal rings, has been published to date. However this design leads to discomfort and is susceptible to biofilm formation. • Therefore, an intravaginal probiotic delivery platform capable of sustained release and that offers women flexibility in dosage forms is necessary

Walking epidural analgesia during labour its efficacy on pain relief, its influence on progress of labour, outcome of delivery

AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare the effect of epidural analgesia with walking epidural analgesia on 1. pain relief, 2. labour progress and 3. mode of delivery. DESIGN OF THE STUDY: Non randomised controlled clinical trial. SAMPLING METHOD: Convenient sampling technique. PERIOD OF STUDY: January 2014 to August 2014. SAMPLE SIZE: GROUP A: Epidural group- 25 GROUP B: Walking epidural group STUDY METHOD: Antenatal women who crossed 37 weeks of gestation attending Obstetrics and Gynaecology department, Govt. Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, fulfilling the inclusion crieteria who were willing to participate were enrolled. Procedure was explained to the patient and Informed consent was obtained. After proper clinical examination and confirming the fetal wellbeing using cardiotocogram, pre anesthetic assessment was done. The parturients are preloaded with 500-1000ml of ringer lactate. Under aseptic precautions, 25 antenatal women in group A are given 0.25% bupivacaine and 50 micrograms of fentanyl epidurally. 25 antenatal women in group B are given 0.0625% bupivacaine and 25 micrograms of fentanyl. Adequate level of analgesia was obtained and time of onset of analgesia was recorded. The vitals and fetal heart rate were monitored frequently. Pain relief was assessed using Visual analogue scale on 1-10 scale. Motor blockade assessed using Modified Bromage score. During first stage of labour the parturients in group A remained recumbent and parturients in group B were allowed to sit in the bed or walk around the bed with support on both sides. Progress of labour was monitored using partograph. Outcome of delivery was recorded. Parturient were monitored frequently for any complications. RESULTS: In both the groups drug was initiated at different stages of cervical dilation. • There was no hypotension recorded in both the groups. All parturients had mean Systolic BP of more than 100mmHg. • All the parturients in both the groups had excellent to good pain relief with a pain score of around 1 to 2 after 15 minutes of drug administration. • All the parturients in walking epidural group had a modified Bromage scale of 5 or 6 and all the parturients ambulated for a period of around 10-20 minutes. • The number of topup doses required was more in epidural group than walking epidural group. • The mean duration of first stage of labour was 308 minutes in epidural and 296 minutes in walking epidural group. • The mean duration of second stage of labour was 90 minutes and 51 minutes in epidural and walking epidural group. Th mean duration of third stage of labour was 7 minutes in both the group. • The rate of instrumental delivery was 24% in epidural and 8% in walking epidural group. • The rate of LSCS was same in both the groups. • The incidence of complications were more in epidural compared to walking epidural group. CONCLUSION: There is significant reduction in pain perception in the parturients receiving walking epidural analgesia irrespective of the gravida status. There is no undue prolongation of duration of labour in both primi and multigravida. Also walking epidurals do not increase the need for instrumental deliveries. So laboring women opting for pain relief should be explained about the benefits of walking epidurals and offered the choice of walking epidural analgesia

A Survey on Resource Allocation Techniques in Cloud Computing

Cloud is an important and emerging technology utilized by various fields for storing, processing and retrieving of data anywhere and anytime without any interruption. Cloud is now acting as a platform for many companies for storing and other computational purposes to reduce infrastructure and maintenance cost similarly they can utilize their application widely based on pay per use. To make available of data to all cloud users Resource Allocation (RA) is mandatory process. In cloud hardware, software and platform are the resources utilized to satisfy user needs hence sharing these resources according to users need is a difficult task. Cloud service provider and cloud service consumer plays the major role in RA. The parameters under resource allocation, its issues and challenges are needed to be analyzed deeply before implementing any optimizing approach in RA. Hence in this work various resource allocation methods have been studied and issues in it is analyzed and presented as a survey. This work is useful for both cloud users and researchers in overcoming the challenges faced in RA

A Study to assess the effectiveness of different pain management program during surgical dressing among preschool children at Pediatric Tertiary Care Hospital, Chennai

Every child has an individual perception of pain, a neurologic response to tissue injury. Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage., Children feel much of the acute pain associated with medical conditions and procedures can be prevented or greatly relieved by effective pain management, which is every child’s right. Experiencing pain during change of dressing can raise a child’ anxiety levels in subsequent change of dressings. In addition to the psychological effects, stress and pain can actually impair the healing process, resulting in delayed healing times and greater costs. TITLE A Study to assess the effectiveness of different pain management program during surgical dressing among preschool children at Pediatric Tertiary Care Hospital, Chennai. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the pre test level of pain during surgical dressing among children in experimental group and control group. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of different pain management program during surgical dressing among children in experimental group and control group. 3. To compare the pretest and posttest level of pain during surgical dressing among children in experimental group and control group. 4. To associate the post test level of pain during surgical dressing among children and their selected demographic variables. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted with 60 samples (children undergoing surgical dressing) in quantitative approach. Non randomized control trial design was selected; sample selection was done by purposive sampling technique and grouped into experimental and control group. Pre test level of pain was assessed by Wong bakers pain scale during dressing in both experimental and control group. After the pre-test, intervention was provided to the children in experimental group and routine care was given to children in control group during dressing and post test level of pain assessed after the intervention by same pain scale in both experimental group and control group. RESULTS The finding of the study revealed that, Out of 60 samples, in experimental group the ‘t’ value is 10.41 at the level of p=0.001, whereas in control group the ‘t’ value is 1.87 at the level of p=0.001 by using student t test, this difference is large, hence it is statistically significant. In experimental group of children, reduction of pain was about 43.30% after having intervention, whereas in control group of children, reduction of pain was about, 6.70% after having routine care (95% CI). Therefore it is inferred that different pain management program helps in reducing pain during surgical dressing in children as distracter. CONCLUSION: The result of study shows that different pain management program was effective in reducing pain among preschool children undergoing surgical dressing

Pathophysiological and pharmacological modulation of melatonergic system

Pineal gland once considered as rudimentary or vestigial, has become a principal endocrine gland that regulates the body’s internal environment, after the discovery of melatonin - a hormone produced by it. Melatonin is also synthesized from extra-pineal sites such as retina, skin, platelets, bone marrow, and gastrointestinal tract. The chronobiological property of this hormone in maintaining the circadian rhythm by synchronizing with the dark-light cycle is well-established. Melatonin also possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant, anti-oxidant, oncostatic, immunomodulatory, antiepileptic, and glucose-regulating properties. These pleiotropic effects of melatonin on diverse organ systems either through a receptor or non-receptor mediated pathways are under investigation. This review highlights the pathophysiological and pharmacological actions of melatonin along with melatonergic agonists in “real life” clinical practice

A study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching of follow up care for primi mothers of preterm infants in the care of preterm infants after discharge from medical wards at Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai

A study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching of follow up care for primi mothers of preterm infants in the care of preterm infants after discharge from Medical Wards at Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai In humans, preterm birth refers to the birth of a baby at less than 37 weeks of gestational age. Many survivors face a lifetime of disability, including learning disabilities and visual and hearing problems. Need for the study : Annually more than 1700 Preterm baby children admitted in Medical ward because of Mothers had lack of knowledge on preterm infant care .So again and again they admitted in hospital. So teaching the mothers about Preterm infant care is essential with use of modern technology to reduce morbidity and mortality rate

A LITERATURE STUDY ON IMAGE PROCESSING FOR FOREST FIRE DETECTION

Forests can purify water, stabilize soil, cycle nutrients, moderate climate, and store carbon. They can create habitat for wildlife and nurture environments rich in biological diversity. They can also contribute billions of dollars to the country’s economic wealth. However, hundreds of millions of hectares of forests are unfortunately devastated by forest fire each year. Forest fire has been constantly threatening to ecological systems, infrastructure, and public safety. In the image processing based forest fire detection using YCbCr colour model, method adopts rule based colour model due to its less complexity and effectiveness. YCbCr colour space effectively separates luminance from chrominance compared to other colour spaces like RGB. The method not only separates fire flame pixels but also separates high temperature fire centre pixels by taking in to account of statistical parameters of fire image in YCbCr colour space like mean and standard deviation. This paper presents a literature study on Image processing for forest fire detection

The Epics Reinterpreted: Highlighting Feminist Issues While Sustaining Deep Motif

This article explores revisionist works based on the Ramayana and Mahabharata twin epics and looks at the voices of female protagonists. The main emphasis has been on the way that authoritative texts are utilized to create cultural hegemony on purpose for a particular impact. The article also highlights the power of stories and demonstrates how the textual politics in the retelling is directed towards achieving different outlines, especially the modern ideals of liberty, equality, and individuality. By providing a thorough study of the social and psychological struggles of epic women, the view also strikes at the fact that women encounter similar issues for generations. The review explores how Indian society’s patriarchal framework and social construction mistreated the epic heroines and how these elements still have an adverse effect on women in the present era. Their resistance patterns are used to classify and organize them