SARS-CoV-2 uses CD4 to infect T helper lymphocytes

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the agent of a major global outbreak of respiratory tract disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infects mainly lungs and may cause several immune-related complications, such as lymphocytopenia and cytokine storm, which are associated with the severity of the disease and predict mortality. The mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in immune system dysfunction is still not fully understood. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infects human CD4+ T helper cells, but not CD8+ T cells, and is present in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage T helper cells of severe COVID-19 patients. We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S) directly binds to the CD4 molecule, which in turn mediates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 in T helper cells. This leads to impaired CD4 T cell function and may cause cell death. SARS-CoV-2-infected T helper cells express higher levels of IL-10, which is associated with viral persistence and disease severity. Thus, CD4-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of T helper cells may contribute to a poor immune response in COVID-19 patients.</p

SARS-CoV-2 uses CD4 to infect T helper lymphocytes

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the agent of a major global outbreak of respiratory tract disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infects mainly lungs and may cause several immune-related complications, such as lymphocytopenia and cytokine storm, which are associated with the severity of the disease and predict mortality. The mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in immune system dysfunction is still not fully understood. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infects human CD4+ T helper cells, but not CD8+ T cells, and is present in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage T helper cells of severe COVID-19 patients. We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S) directly binds to the CD4 molecule, which in turn mediates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 in T helper cells. This leads to impaired CD4 T cell function and may cause cell death. SARS-CoV-2-infected T helper cells express higher levels of IL-10, which is associated with viral persistence and disease severity. Thus, CD4-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of T helper cells may contribute to a poor immune response in COVID-19 patients.</p

Aerobic oxidation of isopropanol catalysed by peroxovanadium complexes: mechanistic insights

Aerobic oxidation of PriOH to acetone with parallel reduction of dioxygen to hydrogen peroxide is observed for acid PriOH–H2O solutions of peroxovanadates. Spectroscopic evidence, obtained with a combined use of 51V-NMR, UV–VIS and ESI-MS techniques, is presented for a monoperoxovanadium-catalysed inner-sphere oxidation of the alcohol coordinated to the metal center

Vanadium catalyzed reduction of dioxygen to hydrogen peroxide: an oscillating process

In acid isopropanol/water solution and aerobic conditions, (Bu)4NqVO3 y in the presence of an initial amount of H2O2, catalyzes the autoxidation of isopropanol to acetone and the contextual dioxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide, which accumulates in solution. We have observed that, in the system under examination, the build-up of H2O2 concentration shows an oscillatory behavior. Speciation of the peroxovanadium complexes in iPrOH/H2O has been explored with the combined use of 51V NMR, UV–Vis and ESI-MS technique

Padova, area ex CNR in Zona industriale. Tombe di et\ue0 romana nel territorio ad est della citt\ue0

Padova, Et\ue0 Romana, Archeologia Urban