Design a Combined Machine for Seedbed Preparation

Soil preparation is a very important part of the grain production process as it is necessary to maximize the possible yield. The mechanical soil preparation assists better water and air circulation and fertilizer dissolving in soils, which can increase the grain yield. The aim of this investigation was to design a new combined machine for seedbed preparation in one trip and assesses its effect on some soil physical properties and crop yield. Field experiments were carried out on clay loam, three diverse tillage methods were conducted under the same conditions of soil moisture content, operating speed and plowing depth. The tillage methods were: new combined (NCM), traditional method (TM) and no tillage method (NT). Results Clarified that the new combined machine achieved better values of the soil physical properties and increased onion yield compared to the other tillage methods. The (NCM) decreasing soil bulk density by 19% based on (NT) method and 12% based on (TM). It also increasing soil total porosity by 35.16% based on (NT) method and 8% based on (TM). The (NCM) maximizing crop yield by 63.5% and 48.2% based on crop yield in (NT) and (TM) respectively. The obtained results recommended using NCM in seedbed preparation for onion crop which planted in clay loam soil under the studied conditions. 

EFFECT OF WATER MANAGEMENT BY DRIP IRRIGATION AUTOMATION CONTROLLER SYSTEM ON FABA BEAN PRODUCTION UNDER WATER DEFICIT

ABSTRACT: Field experiments were carried out at the Agricultural Research and Production Station, NRC, ElNubaria district, Egypt during the winter season of 2012 and 2013 growing seasons in a sandy soil with Faba bean (Vica Faba L.G461) under automation controller drip irrigation system, to study the effect of water deficit (50, 75, and 100 % FC, field capacities) and compost tea additions (100 and 50 liter/fed) on faba bean yield, water and fertilizers use efficiency (WUE, FUE). The obtained results showed that the faba bean yield, WUE and FUE were superior by using compost tea (100 liters/fed and100 % FC) while the lowest values results were attained after using 50 liters/fed compost tea and 50 % FC. It could be concluded that the biggest added amount of compost tea 100 liters/fed impacted positively on Faba bean plants because they contain more amount of macro and micro nutrients and it helps save water under sandy soil conditions. Faba bean plants avoid the water stress under 100 % FC but adversely affected by water stress under FC (50 and 75%)

Validation of EGY-DRIP program Application in Determining the Optimum Lateral Length

In drip irrigation systems the lateral lines are the pipes on which the emitters are installed. The accurate design of drip irrigation laterals needs to determine the total energy losses that include the pipe friction losses along the lateral line and minor losses due to emitter connections. A friendly user interface computer application named EGY-DRIP had developed for drip irrigation system design. The program had written in Microsoft visual basic 2013 to carry out hydraulic calculations of drip irrigation sub-unit design. The hydraulic calculation based on inputs of water properties, quality, soil characteristics, reference evapotranspiration, crop factors, and irrigation system components (drippers, pipes, and fittings). The program supported with an upgradable Microsoft access database to facilitate data input by the user. The program application determines the optimum lateral length applying two mathematical models developed using dimensional analysis. An experimental drip irrigation sub-unit was used to make a field evaluation of EGY-DRIP to determine the optimum lateral length for built-in and on-line emitters. The lateral length was determined on the base on 10% variation in the emitters' discharge, 50 % friction head losses limit for manifold and 50 % for the laterals. There was a good agreement between the field measured and the calculated optimum lateral length using EGY-DRIP application. The average difference between the measured and the calculated length was 0.5 m for built-in emitters and 0.58 m for the on-line emitters

The role of irrigation water management and improving agricultural soils in increasing crop productivity in light of the use of modern technologies

The aim of this research to performance analysis of irrigation water management and how to improving the agricultural soils for increasing the crop productivity under the conditions of modern agricultural technology. In such manner, I suggest the accompanying: 1. refreshing the water system techniques and disposing of the old strategies that prompted the consumption of the underground stock. 2. Sanctioning of boring wells so that each ranch has one well. 3. Focusing on the dirt through preparation the quality of natural treatment and diminishing the alkalinity of the dirt. 4. Building projects for modern re-energize of groundwater through boring and channels (Recharge through Pits and Shafts). 5. Consistently training ranchers about soil care, upkeep and conservation from saltiness. 6. Development of sorts of yields adjusted to the saline grounds, in a joint effort with the Center for Biosaline Agriculture in the country. 7. Expanding the quantity of tests taken for examination to incorporate a bigger region

Management of fertigation and its effects on irrigation systems performance and crop yield

The world demand on food is increasing by the global population growing. World food production can be increased by intensifying food crop production on land already under cultivation and expanding the planted to food crops. The success of both methods will depend on judicious use of fertilizers. Fertigation is application of plant nutrients through irrigation water. It is a modern agro-technique provides an excellent opportunity to maximize yield and minimize environmental pollution by increasing fertilizer use efficiency, minimizing fertilizer application and increasing return on the fertilizer invested. Basic components of fertigation system are chemical supply tank; injection system (pressure differential tank, venturi suction device, and positive displacement injection pump); and, safety and anti-pollution devices to prevent any potential contamination of the water source. The irrigation system could be affected due to unsuitable management of fertigation system. Use of fertilizers changes the injected solution pH. Some irrigation system components may be damaged due to increase of reactivity /corrosivity by lowering of solution pH to 6.5 or lower. Clogging of lines and emitters may become a problem if not managed appropriately

Roles of Organic and Bio Fertilizers in Improving Tolerance of Different Plants to Environmental Ecosystem

Some important details related to the effects of organic fertilizers and soil microbes on plant morphological, physiological and biochemical characters have been indicated. The role of the most important organic fertilizers and soil microbes on the growth of different crop plants under stress has been presented. Accordingly, research work has indicated that organic fertilizers and the use of soil microbes including bacteria and fungi can positively affect plant characters. Some details are also available on the effect of water stress including drought and salinity on plant morphological, physiological and biochemical characters have been also. Have been illustrated. However, the other important point, which must be researched in greater details, is the interactions of bio and organic fertilizers with stress conditions. If such details are illustrated, it will be possible to produce more tolerant crop plants