ANALYSIS OF OIL COMPOSITION OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM LINN FRUIT BY SOXHLATION TECHNIQUE

Coriandrum sativum Linn [Family Apiceae] is a medicinal herb used in the treatment of various disease and disorders. The present investigation was carried out to determine the constituents present in the oil composition of the methanol extract of C. sativum fruits by Soxhlation using GC-MS technique. The analysis revealed that by Soxlation method, a total of 21 compounds were obtained with major constituents as Adenosine [25.08 %]. The other constituents were found to be heptanal [16.63 %], nonane [7.90 %], hexadecanoic acid [3.48 %], pyranone [3.46 %], Heptanoic acid [3.29 %], dodecyl ether [2.99 %] and Pentanone [2.51 %]

Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Screening of Bauhinia variegata Linn leaves

ABSTRACT Pharmacognostical characters of the leaves of Bauhinia variegata Linn was studied which showed the presence of thin walled epidermis, parenchymatous cells, abundant solitary calcium oxalate crystals, vascular bundles and multicellular covering trichomes. Leaf constant viz., stomatal index -5.27, vein islet number -8.3, vein termination -6.6, palisade ratio -7.6 were also studied. Physiochemical parameter such as total ash -8 % w/w, water soluble ash value-2 % w/w, acid insoluble ash value -6 % w/w, alcohol extractive value-8 % w/w, water soluble extractive value -18.4 % w/w and loss on drying -7 % w/w were also determined. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of steroids, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins

In vitro anticancer activity of silver nanoparticle synthesized from Punica granatum dried peel against cancer cell lines

224-238The main aim of the investigation was to screen the silver and gold nanoparticle synthesized from the methanol concentrate of Punica granatum for its in vitro anticancer activity against MCF 2, PC3, A-549, HeLa, and HepG2 cell lines. Silver and gold nanoparticles were prepared from methanol concentrate of P. granatum and nanoparticle synthesized was analyzed by UV and TEM analysis. The impact of nanoparticles synthesized on MCF-2, PC3, A-549, HeLa, and HepG2 disease cell lines was assessed by MTT colourimetric assay and the impact on cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometric method. After assessing the cytotoxicity effect, the impact of apoptosis was also analyzed. The TEM analysis showed the particle size of 25.56 and 22.02 nm for gold and silver nanoparticles respectively. The adequacy of silver nanoparticles synthesized from P. granatum against MCF-2, PC3, A-549, HeLa, and HepG2 cell line demonstrated that the hatching of malignancy cells decreased the suitability of PC-3 and A 549 cancer cells lines only with IC50 values as 108.7 and 88.42 µg/mL respectively. Gold nanoparticles didn’t have any activity against all the cancer cell lines. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis study showed that Silver nanoparticles are effective in controlling the cell cycle and blocking the apoptosis in all the cell lines used. P. granatum can be a very good anticancer drug for various cancer cell lines. All in all, P. granatum has a critical cell reinforcement movement and anticancer action

In vitro anticancer activity of silver nanoparticle synthesized from Punica granatum dried peel against cancer cell lines

The main aim of the investigation was to screen the silver and gold nanoparticle synthesized from the methanol concentrate of Punica granatum for its in vitro anticancer activity against MCF 2, PC3, A-549, HeLa, and HepG2 cell lines. Silver and gold nanoparticles were prepared from methanol concentrate of P. granatum and nanoparticle synthesized was analyzed by UV and TEM analysis. The impact of nanoparticles synthesized on MCF-2, PC3, A-549, HeLa, and HepG2 disease cell lines was assessed by MTT colourimetric assay and the impact on cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometric method. After assessing the cytotoxicity effect, the impact of apoptosis was also analyzed. The TEM analysis showed the particle size of 25.56 and 22.02 nm for gold and silver nanoparticles respectively. The adequacy of silver nanoparticles synthesized from P. granatum against MCF-2, PC3, A-549, HeLa, and HepG2 cell line demonstrated that the hatching of malignancy cells decreased the suitability of PC-3 and A 549 cancer cells lines only with IC50 values as 108.7 and 88.42 µg/mL respectively. Gold nanoparticles didn’t have any activity against all the cancer cell lines. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis study showed that Silver nanoparticles are effective in controlling the cell cycle and blocking the apoptosis in all the cell lines used. P. granatum can be a very good anticancer drug for various cancer cell lines. All in all, P. granatum has a critical cell reinforcement movement and anticancer action

Evaluation of plant-derived compounds to inhibit COVID-19 through in silico studies

26-33The recent threat which has received worldwide attention is COVID-19, a rapidly spreading new strain of Coronavirus. It has affected more than 176 countries and due to the lack of efficacious drugs or vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, it has further worsened the situation everywhere. After infecting the host, the ssRNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 is translated into a large polyprotein which will be further processed into different nonstructural proteins to form a viral replication complex by the virtue of virus-specific proteases namely main protease (3-CL protease) and papain protease. The crystallized form of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is demonstrated to be a novel therapeutic drug target according to current research. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of few plant-based bioactive compounds against COVID-19 Mpro (PDB ID: 6LU7: Resolution 2.16 Å) by molecular docking study. Molecular docking investigations were performed by using Auto DockVina to analyze the inhibition capacity of these compounds against COVID-19 as a whole complex and also in the absence of Chain C which is present with protein as a peptide. According to the obtained results, Ritonavir and Curcuminwere found to be more effective on COVID-19 than nelfinavir which is an anti-HIV drug. This is followed by Glycyrrhizin and Piperine, which correlates with COVID-19 as a whole complex and also in the absence of Chain C. So, this study will pave a way for performing more advanced experimental research and to evaluate the natural compounds to cure COVID-19

Evaluation of plant-derived compounds to inhibit COVID-19 through in silico studies

The recent threat which has received worldwide attention is COVID-19, a rapidly spreading new strain of Coronavirus. It has affected more than 176 countries and due to the lack of efficacious drugs or vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, it has further worsened the situation everywhere. After infecting the host, the ssRNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 is translated into a large polyprotein which will be further processed into different nonstructural proteins to form a viral replication complex by the virtue of virus-specific proteases namely main protease (3-CL protease) and papain protease. The crystallized form of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is demonstrated to be a novel therapeutic drug target according to current research. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of few plant-based bioactive compounds against COVID-19 Mpro (PDB ID: 6LU7: Resolution 2.16 Å) by molecular docking study. Molecular docking investigations were performed by using Auto DockVina to analyze the inhibition capacity of these compounds against COVID-19 as a whole complex and also in the absence of Chain C which is present with protein as a peptide. According to the obtained results, Ritonavir and Curcuminwere found to be more effective on COVID-19 than nelfinavir which is an anti-HIV drug. This is followed by Glycyrrhizin and Piperine, which correlates with COVID-19 as a whole complex and also in the absence of Chain C. So, this study will pave a way for performing more advanced experimental research and to evaluate the natural compounds to cure COVID-19

Ficus racemosa Linn.–An overview

84-90Ficus racemosa Linn. is a moderate-sized avenue tree found throughout India either wild or cultivated for its fruits eaten by villagers. It is popular in Indigenous System of Medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathy. In the Traditional System of Medicine, various plant parts such as bark, root, leaves, fruits and latex are used in dysentery, diarrhoea, diabetes, bilious affections, stomachache, menorrhage, haemoptysis, piles and as carminative and astringent. The present review is therefore, an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature on its pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, traditional and pharmacological uses

<i style="">Nigella sativa</i> Linn.– A comprehensive review

409-429Nigella sativa Linn. (Family-Ranunculaceae) is a widely used medicinal plant throughout India and popular in various Indigenous System of Medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Tibb. The seeds are used as astringent, bitter, stimulant, diuretic, emmenagogue and anthelmintic. They are also useful in jaundice, intermittent fever, dyspepsia, paralysis, piles and skin diseases. The present review is therefore, an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature on pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the plant

The anti-diabetic potentials of methanolic extract of Ficus mollis leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats

Abstract: Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the acute and chronic effects of the extract against alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: In acute study, hypoglycemic potency of methanolic  extract of Ficus mollis was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and in chronic study of 21 days, extract at different doses ( ie 100, 200 and 400mg/kg) was screened  for its anti-diabetic activity. Blood glucose level had been estimated at 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st and addition to this serum concentrations of insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, SGOT, SGPT and urea determined at 21st day of the study. Results: In OGTT, standard glibenclamide and extract (200 and 400mg/kg) have shown significant reduction in blood glucose level compared to control group. In chronic model the methanolic extract was more effective in reducing the blood glucose levels (P&lt;0.001) and effect was comparable to that of standard. The extract could also significantly (P&lt;0.001) reduce concentrations of SGOT, triglycerides, cholesterol and urea in serum and significantly (P&lt;0.001) increased the insulin level in blood which proves beneficial effects of the extract in diabetes. The change in concentrations of SGPT and urea were less significant (P&gt;0.01). Conclusion: The methanolic extract of Ficus mollis posses significant antidiabetic activity in alloxan induced diabetic animal model. Key words: Anti diabetic, Ficus mollis, Alloxan, Blood glucose level, Insuli

Evaluation of anti-diarrhoeal activity of hydro alcoholic extract of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Chenopodium album </i>L.

61-66<span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;color:black" lang="EN-US">Chenopodium album <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;color:black;font-style:normal; mso-bidi-font-style:italic" lang="EN-US">L. <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;color:black; font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic" lang="EN-US">(Chenopodiaceae<span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;color:black; font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic" lang="EN-US">), a wildly growing plant has been reported to possess number of medicinal properties including treatment of diarrhoea. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate scientifically the anti-diarrhoeal effects of C. album used traditionally in Indian system of medicine. The anti-diarrheal effect of hydro alcoholic (30:70) extract (HEMC) of aerial parts was studied against castor oil-induced-diarrhoea model in rats. The volume of intestinal content induced by PGE2 was studied by enter pooling method. The gastrointestinal transit rate was expressed as the percentage of the longest distance traversed by the charcoal divided by the total length of the small intestine. Like Loperamide (3 mg/kg, orally) there were significant reductions in fecal out put and frequency of droppings when the hydro alcoholic extract of 200 and 400 mg/kg doses were administered orally compared with castor oil treated rats. The plant extracts also significantly retarded the PGE2 induced entero pooling with reduction of volume by 40.34 and 59.88%, respectively. The extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly inhibited (P<0.01) volume of intestinal content. HEMC and atropine sulphate (0.1 mg/kg) decreased the propulsion of the charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract when compared with the control. Distance travelled by the charcoal meal was reduced to 21.91 and 74.80% in the HEMC treated groups with the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, compared to control group. The remarkable anti-diarrhoeal effect of C. album extract against castor oil-induced diarrhoea model,<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;color:black;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic"> PGE2 enter pooling and intestinal transit by charcoal model attests to its utility in traditional medicine for diarrhoea. </span