Advanced Technologies for Oral Controlled Release: Cyclodextrins for oral controlled release

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are used in oral pharmaceutical formulations, by means of inclusion complexes formation, with the following advantages for the drugs: (1) solubility, dissolution rate, stability and bioavailability enhancement; (2) to modify the drug release site and/or time profile; and (3) to reduce or prevent gastrointestinal side effects and unpleasant smell or taste, to prevent drug-drug or drug-additive interactions, or even to convert oil and liquid drugs into microcrystalline or amorphous powders. A more recent trend focuses on the use of CDs as nanocarriers, a strategy that aims to design versatile delivery systems that can encapsulate drugs with better physicochemical properties for oral delivery. Thus, the aim of this work was to review the applications of the CDs and their hydrophilic derivatives on the solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble drugs in order to increase their dissolution rate and get immediate release, as well as their ability to control (to prolong or to delay) the release of drugs from solid dosage forms, either as complexes with the hydrophilic (e.g. as osmotic pumps) and/ or hydrophobic CDs. New controlled delivery systems based on nanotechonology carriers (nanoparticles and conjugates) have also been reviewed

Complementary methods to plan pedestrian evacuation of the French Riviera's beaches in case of tsunami threat: graph- and multi-agent-based modelling

International audienc

An accessibility graph-based model to optimize tsunami evacuation sites and routes in Martinique, France

The risk of tsunami threatens the whole Caribbean coastline especially the Lesser Antilles. The first available models of tsunami propagation estimate that the travel time from the closest seismic sources would only take few minutes to impact the Martinique Island. Considering this threat, the most effective measure is a planned and organized evacuation of the coastal population. This requires an efficient regional warning system, estimation of the maximum expected tsunami flood height, preparation of the population to evacuate, and drawing up of local and regional emergency plans. In order to produce an efficient evacuation plan, we have to assess the number of people at risk, the potential evacuation routes, the safe areas and the available time to evacuate. However, this essential information is still lacking in the French West Indies emergency plans. This paper proposes a model of tsunami evacuation sites accessibility for Martinique directly addressed to decision makers. It is based on a population database at a local scale, the development of connected graphs of roads, the identification of potential safe areas and the velocity setting for pedestrians. Evacuation routes are calculated using the Dijkstra's algorithm which gives the shortest path between areas at risk and designated evacuation sites. The first results allow us to map the theoretical times and routes to keep the exposed population safe and to compare these results with a tsunami travel time scenario

Méthode d'évaluation de l'audibilité d'un système d'alerte SAIP

International audienceEn France, les sirènes de sécurité civile du Système d'Alerte et d'Information des Population (SAIP) sont utilisées par les autorités pour signaler une menace imminente ou en cours. Même si l'on connaît leur niveau sonore, il est néanmoins difficile d'évaluer leur audibilité, notamment en milieu urbain à cause du masquage par des sources sonores secondaires. Un protocole expérimental a été déployé autour d'une sirène standard installée sur la commune de Saint-Martin-de-Londres (Hérault) en collaboration avec un groupe d'étudiants de géographie et le Laboratoire de Géographie et d’Aménagement de Montpellier (LAGAM - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3). Des mesures de niveau sonore pendant l’activation de la source ont été prises grâce à l’application NoiseCapture à différentes distances et sur plusieurs axes par les étudiants. Il ont aussi été invités à remplir un questionnaire sur des informations perceptives de la sirène comme son audibilité, le niveau sonore perçu ou le masquage de la sirène par le passage de véhicules. Une étape de simulation de l’environnement sonore à l’aide du logiciel NoiseModelling a également été réalisée pour comparer les résultats mesurés avec les résultats simulés. Les résultats de l’étude valident l’utilisation de l’outil NoiseModelling pour simuler l’audibilité du signal sonore dans un rayon de 2,8 kilomètres autour de la sirène

PREPARTOI: Prévention et REcherche Pour l'Atténuation du Risque de Tsunami dans l'Océan Indien (Réunion-Mayotte)

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