Improvement of regeneration in pepper: a recalcitrant species

[EN] Organogenesis is influenced by factors like genotype, type of explant, culture medium components, and incubation conditions. The influence of ethylene, which can be produced in the culture process, can also be a limiting factor in recalcitrant species like pepper. In this work, bud induction was achieved from cotyledons and hypocotyls-from eight pepper cultivars-on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 22.2 mu M 6-benzyladenine (6BA) and 5.71 mu M indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), in media with or without silver nitrate (SN) (58.86 mu M), a suppressor of ethylene action. In the SN-supplemented medium, the frequencies of explants with buds and with callus formation were lower in both kinds of explant, but higher numbers of developed shoots were isolated from explants cultured on SN. Bud elongation was better in medium with gibberellic acid (GA(3)) (2.88 mu M) than in medium free of growth regulators or supplemented with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) at 34.5 mu M. However, isolation of shoots was difficult and few plants were recovered. The effect of adding SN following bud induction (at 7 d) and that of dark incubation (the first 7 d of culture) was also assessed in order to improve the previous results. When SN was added after bud induction, similar percentages of bud induction were found for cotyledons (average frequency 89.37% without SN and 94.37% with SN) whereas they doubled in hypocotyls (50% without SN and 87.7% with SN). In addition, in both kinds of explant, the number of developed plants able to be transferred to soil (developed and rooted) was greatly increased by SN. Dark incubation does not seem to improve organogenesis in pepper, and hypocotyl explants clearly represent a better explant choice-with respect to cotyledonary explants-for the pepper cultivars assayed.We thank the COMAV germplasm bank at Universitat Politecnica de Valencia and the Arid Lands Institute for pepper seeds and the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research who fund N. Gammoudi's stay.Gammoudi, N.; San Pedro-Galan, T.; Ferchichi, A.; Gisbert Domenech, MC. (2018). Improvement of regeneration in pepper: a recalcitrant species. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant. 54(2):145-153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-017-9838-1S145153542Ashrafuzzaman M, Hossain MM, Razi Ismail M, Shahidul Haque M, Shahidullah SM, Uz Zaman S (2009) Regeneration potential of seedling explants of chilli (Capsicum annuum). Afr J Biotechnol 8:591–596Bortesi L, Fischer R (2015) The CRISPR/Cas9 system for plant genome editing and beyond. 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Telematyka środkiem poprawy bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego

The paper contains an analysis of telematic devices affecting road safety improvement. Telematic devices belonging to both road infrastructure and located in vehicles are presented. It can be stated that counteracting negative effects concerning road safety requires appropriate methods of minimising them. At present, significant results in the field of road safety improvement can also find considerable applications in transport telematics.W referacie przedstawiona została analiza telematycznych środków wpływających na bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego. Przedstawiono analizę urzadzeń telematycznych należących zarówno do infrastruktury drogowej jak również tych znajdujących się w pojazdach. Stwierdzić można, że przeciwdziałanie negatywnych skutków dotyczących bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego wymaga odpowiednich sposobów ich zmniejszania. Obecnie znaczące rezultaty w obszarze poprawy bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego mają duże zastosowanie także w dziedzinie jaką jest telematyka transportu

Telematka wsparciem dla zarządzania ruchem drogowym

In this paper we analyse telematic devices having an impact on road safety improvement. We also present the information concerning the structure of road safety management in Poland as well as selected elements of road traffic telematics. Owing to the use of telematic devices supporting road traffic management it is possible to ensure continuous traffic flows via dynamic transmission of the obtained data and information which, to a large extent, contribute to better road safety.W niniejszym referacie przedstawiona została analiza środków telematycznych wpływających na poprawę bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego. Przedstawiono także informacje dotyczące struktury zarządzania bezpieczeństwem ruchu drogowego w Polsce oraz wybrane elementy telematyki transportu drogowego. Dzięki zastosowaniu urządzeń telematycznych wspierających zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem ruchu drogowego, możliwe jest zapewnienie ciągłości przepływów ruchu poprzez dynamiczne przekazywanie uzyskanych danych i informacji, które w dużym stopniu przyczyniają się do poprawy bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego

Assessment of selected concentrations of toxic fumes from turbocharged agricultural engine powered by ester of camelina

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań hamownianych silnika PERKINS 1104C-E44T zasilanego ekologicznym paliwem węglowodorowym oraz estrem z lnianki (estrem rydzowym). Jednym ze sposobów ograniczenia wpływu toksycznych składników spalin na środowisko naturalne jest stosowanie paliw pochodzenia roślinnego i ich estrów. W przeprowadzonych badaniach wykorzystano ester metylowym kwasów oleju z lnianki EST-LN oraz porównano niskosiarkowy olej napędowy EKODIESEL ULTRA B. W ramach przeprowadzonych badań w stanach ustalonych wyznaczono stężenia wybranych składników toksycznych spalin. Podczas ich realizacji na hamowni silnikowej badany silnik PERKINS 1104C-E44T pracował według zewnętrznej charakterystyki prędkościowej w całym zakresie swojej prędkości obrotowej.The article presents some results of test stand investigations PERKINS 1104C-E44T powered by ecological hydrocarbon fuel and camelina oil ester. One way to reduce the impact of toxic exhaust on the environment is the use of crop-based fuels and their esters. In studies that used methyl ester of fatty oil from camelina EST-LN and compared to low-sulfur diesel Ekodiesel Ultra B. As part of the study in steady states determined the concentration of selected components of toxic fumes. During their implementation on engine dynamometer test PERKINS 1104C-E44T worked by external speed characteristics throughout its speed range

Influence of the regenerat alteration and of rags rubber from worn out car tyres on the property of rubber blends

W artykule przedstawiono analizę wykorzystania regeneratu i ścieru gumowego otrzymanego ze zużytych opon samochodowych metodą recyklingu materiałowego jako dodatku do mieszanek gumowych polepszających ich właściwości fizyko-mechaniczne. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań fizyko-mechanicznych oraz ich analizy można stwierdzić, że ścier gumowy jest dobrym modyfikatorem mieszanek gumowych podnoszących ich twardość i ścieralność. Poprzez podniesienie twardości i ścieralności mieszanki gumowe mogą być wykorzystywane w gospodarce jako dodatki do asfaltów, nawierzchnie placów zabaw, boisk sportowych a także wykładziny dźwiękochłonne i amortyzujące uderzenia.In the article analysis of using was described regenerate and rags rubber obtained from worn out car tyres with method of the material recycling as the addition to blends rubber of properties ameliorating them physico-mechanical. Of examinations on the base carried out physico-mechanical and it is possible to state their analyses, as of rags rubber a hardness and an abrasion are a good modifier of rubber blends picking them up. Through raising the hardness and the abrasion of blend rubber can be used in the economy as additions to asphalt, surfaces of playgrounds, sports courts as well as soundproof padding and cushioning blows

The importance of hourly nutrient concentration variability in terms of assessment of the surface water state in Słupia Pilot River

Water eutrophication still causes many environmental and social problems, and so better quantification of the amount of nutrient loads discharged into surface waters is required. The basis for eutrophication analysis is data gathered in the frame of State Environmental Monitoring (SEM). In Poland, these measurements are carried out at the frequency of 6-12 times per year and serve as the basis for calculating the amount of nutrient input discharged to the sea. This article presents the results of the analysis of the representativeness of one measurement make two-hourly per day of the variability of total nutrient concentrations. For this purpose three cycles of field studies were carried out in accordance with plant growing season. The measurements were taken in November 2013, February 2014, and June 2014 in the Słupia River, at the site where it flows through the village of Charnowo (river profile). The analysis showed a significant change in the amount of total nutrient concentration during the day (up to 60% for total nitrogen and total phosphorus). This trend was maintained regardless of the stage of plant growth. Therefore, both the date for water sample collection and the time the measurement was taken become important for the subsequent evaluation of nutrient loads discharged into the sea. It is reasonable to assess the level of nutrient loads discharged into the sea not on the basis of a single measurement but based on the continuous registration of nutrients – this allows us to assign a daily average. It is also important from the point of view of the calibration of mathematical models, which are now an essential tool for analysing and forecasting environmental changes, and for which access to detailed data is very important

Nanostructures of diamond, graphene oxide and graphite inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes and downregulate their genes in liver cells

Barbara Strojny,1 Ewa Sawosz,1 Marta Grodzik,1 Sławomir Jaworski,1 Jarosław Szczepaniak,1 Malwina Sosnowska,1 Mateusz Wierzbicki,1 Marta Kutwin,1 Sylwia Orlińska,1 André Chwalibog2 1Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; 2Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark Introduction and objective: Currently, carbon nanostructures are vastly explored materials with potential for future employment in biomedicine. The possibility of employment of diamond nanoparticles (DN), graphene oxide (GO) or graphite nanoparticles (GN) for in vivo applications raises a question of their safety. Even though they do not induce a direct toxic effect, due to their unique properties, they can still interact with molecular pathways. The objective of this study was to assess if DN, GO and GN affect three isoforms of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, namely, CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, expressed in the liver. Methods: Dose-dependent effect of the DN, GO and GN nanostructures on the catalytic activity of CYPs was examined using microsome-based model. Cytotoxicity of DN, GO and GN, as well as the influence of the nanostructures on mRNA expression of CYP genes and CYP-associated receptor genes were studied in vitro using HepG2 and HepaRG cell lines. Results: All three nanostructures interacted with the CYP enzymes and inhibited their catalytic activity in microsomal-based models. CYP gene expression at the mRNA level was also downregulated in HepG2 and HepaRG cell lines. Among the three nanostructures, GO showed the most significant influence on the enzymes, while DN was the most inert. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that DN, GO and GN might interfere with xenobiotic and drug metabolism in the liver by interactions with CYP isoenzymes responsible for the process. Such results should be considered if DN, GO and GN are used in medical applications. Keywords: carbon nanostructures, nanoparticles, cytochrome P450, microsomes, live