Object-Centered Shifts of Receptive Field Positions in Monkey Primary Visual Cortex

SummaryStimuli that project the same retinal visual angle can appear to occupy very different proportions of the visual field if they are perceived to be at different distances [1–8]. Previous research shows that perceived angular size alters the spatial distribution of activity in early retinotopic visual cortex [7, 9–11]. For example, a sphere superimposed on the far end of a corridor scene appears to occupy a larger visual angle and activates a larger region of primary visual cortex (V1) compared with the same sphere superimposed on the near end of the corridor [7]. These previous results, however, were obtained from human subjects using psychophysics and fMRI, a fact that fundamentally limits our understanding of the underlying neuronal mechanisms. Here, we present an animal model that allows for a finer examination of size perception at the level of single neurons. We first show that macaque monkeys perceive a size-distance illusion similarly to humans. Then, using extracellular recordings, we test the specific hypothesis [12] that neurons in V1 shift the position of their receptive fields (RFs) in response to complex monocular depth cues. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that when ring-shaped stimuli appeared at the back of the corridor, RFs of V1 neurons shifted toward the center of the rings. When the same stimuli appeared at the front of the corridor, RFs shifted outward. Thus, our results show for the first time that V1 RFs can shift, potentially serving as the neural basis for the perception of angular size

Numerical simulation of time delay interferometry for eLISA/NGO

eLISA/NGO is a new gravitational wave detection proposal with arm length of 10^6 km and one interferometer down-scaled from LISA. Just like LISA and ASTROD-GW, in order to attain the requisite sensitivity for eLISA/NGO, laser frequency noise must be suppressed to below the secondary noises such as the optical path noise, acceleration noise etc. In previous papers, we have performed the numerical simulation of the time delay interferometry (TDI) for LISA and ASTROD-GW with one arm dysfunctional by using the CGC 2.7 ephemeris. The results are well below their respective limits which the laser frequency noise is required to be suppressed. In this paper, we follow the same procedure to simulate the time delay interferometry numerically. To do this, we work out a set of 1000-day optimized mission orbits of the eLISA/NGO spacecraft starting at January 1st, 2021 using the CGC 2.7 ephemeris framework. We then use the numerical method to calculate the residual optical path differences in the second-generation TDI solutions as in our previous papers. The maximum path length difference, for all configurations calculated, is below 13 mm (43 ps). It is well below the limit which the laser frequency noise is required to be suppressed for eLISA/NGO. We compare and discuss the resulting differences due to the different arm lengths for various mission proposals -- eLISA/NGO, an NGO-LISA-type mission with a nominal arm length of 2 x 10^6 km, LISA and ASTROD-GW.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, minor changes in description to match the accepted version of Classical and Quantum Gravity. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1102.496

Spectro-microscopy of single and multi-layer graphene supported by a weakly interacting substrate

We report measurements of the electronic structure and surface morphology of exfoliated graphene on an insulating substrate using angle-resolved photoemission and low energy electron diffraction. Our results show that although exfoliated graphene is microscopically corrugated, the valence band retains a massless fermionic dispersion, with a Fermi velocity of ~10^6 m/s. We observe a close relationship between the morphology and electronic structure, which suggests that controlling the interaction between graphene and the supporting substrate is essential for graphene device applications.Comment: 10 pages of text, 4 JPEG figure

Stability and Hermitian-Einstein metrics for vector bundles on framed manifolds

We adapt the notions of stability of holomorphic vector bundles in the sense of Mumford-Takemoto and Hermitian-Einstein metrics in holomorphic vector bundles for canonically polarized framed manifolds, i.e. compact complex manifolds X together with a smooth divisor D such that K_X \otimes [D] is ample. It turns out that the degree of a torsion-free coherent sheaf on X with respect to the polarization K_X \otimes [D] coincides with the degree with respect to the complete K\"ahler-Einstein metric g_{X \setminus D} on X \setminus D. For stable holomorphic vector bundles, we prove the existence of a Hermitian-Einstein metric with respect to g_{X \setminus D} and also the uniqueness in an adapted sense.Comment: 21 pages, International Journal of Mathematics (to appear

Sub-catchment-based urban flood risk assessment with a multi-index fuzzy evaluation approach: a case study of Jinjiang district, China

Urban flood risk assessment requires attention in inland areas with intensifying climate change and an increasing probability of extreme precipitation. This study describes the developments and testing of a sub-catchment-based multi-index fuzzy evaluation approach that can provide adaptation guidance for municipal decision-makers at a local level. We first built a comprehensive flood risk assessment system considering three categories: hazard, urban system, and social environment. The proposed evaluation system includes hybrid uncertain information that involves random indicator sources and hesitant fuzzy judgments from experts. The storm weather management model combined with geographic information system tools was then applied to obtain random indicators. Subsequently, hesitant fuzzy linguistic sets and the Euclidean distance method were adopted to solve the problem of uncertainty and vagueness from subjective hesitant information. Therefore, the aggregation method provides a beneficial way to assess flood risk in a hybrid uncertain environment. In addition, the proposed approach was applied to the Jinjiang district in an inland city in the P. R. of China. This supports efforts to prioritize locally tailored policies and practical measures for higher-risk sub-catchments within large urban systems

Pengaruh Kepuasan dan Kepercayaan terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen Kedelai Jepang Edamame Pendekatan Structural Equation Modeling

Satisfaction Influence and Loyalty Consumer Confidence in Japanese Soy Edamame. Structural Equation Modeling Approach Edamame is a product of horticultural vegetables which are not included nuts. It has a larger size than the size of soybean products. This study was conducted at CV. Bariball Agriculture. This company have business in field of Agribusiness of Edamame product. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of satisfaction, trust, and loyalty consumer confidence in Japanese soy Edamame, analyze the relationship of satisfaction and trust on consumer loyalty of Japanese Soybean Edamame, and analyze the impact indicators of taste, price, coverage product, promotion, packaging product, and practical influence of customer satisfaction and believe indicator believe of products, organic products, and the benefits of the product to consumer confidence. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was designed to understand and SPSS 22 and AMOS 22. The result show customer satisfaction has significant influence on customer loyalty of Japanese Soybean Edamame with p = 0.038. Customer trust has significant influence on customer loyalty of Japanese Soybean Edamame with p=0.000. Customer satisfaction has a significant correlation with costumer trust with p=0,000. The result show indicators taste, price, coverage product, promotion, packaging product, and practical has significant influence on satisfaction. Indicators are believe product, organic product, and benefit of product has significant influence on trust. Keywords: Japan soybean Edamame, satisfaction, trust, loyality, SE

Peningkatan Efisiensi Produksi Baglog melalui Percepatan Waktu Siklus Produksi di Usaha Lancar Abadi Pendekatan Critical Path Method

The Enhancement of Baglog Production Efficiency through Acceleration Time of Production Cycle Critical Path Method Approach Lancar Abadi Company which has produced oyster mushrooms media (baglog) is involving many business players. The research objectives are to find out (1) mechanism of Supply Chain Management; (2) actual time and critical path on one cycle of production through Critical Path Method; and (3) crush time due to addition cost through Critical Path Method. The research uses descriptive quantitative method with model Performance of Activity approachment and Critical Path Method. Cost, time, capacity, and capability dimentions in Performance of Activity has been used to described performance activities that are part of the process in Supply Chain Management. The results show that (i) the baglog materials has been directly bought to the company by the suppliers, meanwhile, baglog had been directly obtained by the consumer through making an order to the Lancar Abadi Company; (ii) The selected critical path consisting of the preparation, sifting, composting, draining, mixing, filling, until the mycelium growth with total 514 hours/cycle (iii) By the addition of acceleration cost about Rp262.968,98, the company was able to speed up the production cycle about 32,57 hours (1.36 days). So that, company will be able to increase the additional 1.12 production cycle times/year which was equivalent to 899 baglog/year

Enhanced squeezing with parity kicks

Using exponential quadratic operators, we present a general framework for studying the exact dynamics of system-bath interaction in which the Hamiltonian is described by the quadratic form of bosonic operators. To demonstrate the versatility of the approach, we study how the environment affects the squeezing of quadrature components of the system. We further propose that the squeezing can be enhanced when parity kicks are applied to the system.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Coherent versus Incoherent Light Scattering from a Quantum Dot

We analyze the light scattered by a single InAs quantum dot interacting with a resonant continuous-wave laser. High resolution spectra reveal clear distinctions between coherent and incoherent scattering, with the laser intensity spanning over four orders of magnitude. We find that the fraction of coherently scattered photons can approach unity under sufficiently weak or detuned excitation, ruling out pure dephasing as a relevant decoherence mechanism. We show how spectral diffusion shapes spectra, correlation functions, and phase-coherence, concealing the ideal radiatively-broadened two-level system described by Mollow.Comment: to appear in PRB 85, 23531